Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids.

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

a sequence of nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

basic functional units of an organism

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

the process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body

Question 6

chomosome

Answer 6

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids

Question 10

deoxyribiose

Answer 10

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

double-stranded DNA, which is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Question 16

golgi apparatus

Answer 16

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm (gel-like fluid)

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A type of RNA found in cells

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Question 21

nitrogenous base

Answer 21

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

Question 22

nuclear membrane

Answer 22

a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 23

nucleic acid

Answer 23

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

Question 24

nucleotide

Answer 24

A building block for nucleic acids

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 26

peptide bond

Answer 26

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

Question 27

phosphate group

Answer 27

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

Question 28

polypeptides

Answer 28

a chain of amino acids

Question 29

protein synthesis

Answer 29

the process that cells use to create proteins

Question 30

ribose

Answer 30

a sugar that forms the backbone of a very important molecule called ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 31

ribosome

Answer 31

a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell

Question 34

start codon

Answer 34

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome

Question 35

stop codon

Answer 35

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein

Question 36

thymine

Answer 36

a nitrogen base for the double helix

Question 37

transcription

Answer 37

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

Question 38

translation

Answer 38

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

Question 40

uracil

Answer 40

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

Question 41

vesicle

Answer 41

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid