Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
(25 cards)
cellular division
The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells
egg cell
the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms
epigenetic
the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence
fertilization
the union of two gametes
genome
The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism
inherited traits
a particular genetically determined charac- teristic or quality that distinguishes somebody
Multicellular organism
a particular genetically determined charac- teristic or quality that distinguishes somebody
sexual reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes
sperm cell
The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle
autosomal
Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in most human cells
complete dominance
a form of dominance in the heterozygous condition wherein the allele that is regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive
dihybrid cross
the mating of two organisms that are heterozygous for the same two traits
F1 (first filial)
the first generation of offspring produced by a set of parents
F2 (second filial)
second generation of offspring resulting from cross-breeding
genotypic ratio
the comparison of genetic information, the frequency
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors
incomplete dominance
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype
monohybrid cross
the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait
P (parental) generation
the first in any genetic cross pollination experiment
phenotypic ratio
a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another
polygenic inheritance
A polygenic trait is a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes
population
all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves
ratio
A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another
