Unit 3 - Physiological bases of Behavior

Question 1

What are the eight (8) types of endocrine glands

Answer 1

Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Thymus Gland
Adrenal Gland
Islets of Langerhans
Gonads/Sex Glands

Question 2

Name the two (2) laws governing the neurons

Answer 2

All or Nothing Law
Law of Dynamic Polarity

Question 3

Other term for Endocrine System

Answer 3

Ductless Gland

Question 4

Is composed of the pons, medulla oblongata and the cerebellum. It is connected to the spinal cord.

Answer 4

Hindbrain

Question 5

Also known as the master gland. It secretes a number of hormones that affect the activities of almost all the endocrine glands.

Answer 5

Pituitary Gland

Question 6

Carry messages or nerve impulses away from the brain

Answer 6

Motor or Efferent Neurons

Question 7

Butterfly-shaped gland. It secretes thyroxine and idothyroxine which affect growth and metabolism

Answer 7

Thyroid Gland

Question 8

What are the parts of Neuron

Answer 8

• Cell body or Cyton
• Dendrites
• Axon

Question 9

What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 9

Olfactory – nose
Optic – eyes
Oculo-motor – eyes
Trochlear – eyes
Trigeminal – eyes, jaw, cheek, tongue
Abducent – eyes
Facial – face and forehead
Glossopharyngeal – tongue and pharynx
Vagus – neck, thorax and abdomen
Accessory – pharyngeal and laryngeal muscle
Hypoglossal – tongue
Vestibule-cochlear – ears

Question 10

The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.

Answer 10

The Neuron or Nerve Cell

Question 11

It is a long and stem-like structure running down the vertebral column. It is composed of nerves that lead to and from the brain.

Answer 11

The Spinal Cord

Question 12

States that it is either that neuron reacts or not at all, but if it does react, it reacts with fullest strength

Answer 12

All or Nothing Law

Question 13

Is found right on top of the midbrain and serves as a relay center of the impulses being sent to the brain areas

Answer 13

Thalamus

Question 14

What are the two (2) main functions of spinal cord

Answer 14

• provide connector mechanisms
  for reflex reactions
• transmit messages to and from
  the brain

Question 15

Has two division; the adrenal cortex – which secretes cortin or adrenal androgens and adrenal medulla – which secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Answer 15

Adrenal Gland

Question 16

Made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is house in the skull and the spinal cord is found in the vertebral column. It serves as the integrating mechanism of the entire human body

Answer 16

The Central Nervous System

Question 17

Compose of all the nerve fiber that connect the receptors to the central nervous system and which further connects the central nervous system to the effectors.

Answer 17

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 18

The central portion with a nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell membrane

Answer 18

Cell Body or Cyton

Question 19

Consists of the cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus.

Answer 19

Forebrain

Question 20

What are the three (3) major division of the brain?

Answer 20

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Question 21

Neurons are grouped into three (3), What are these?

Answer 21

• Sensory or Afferent Neurons
• Motor or Efferent Neurons
• Inter-neurons, Connector
  Neurons or Association
  Neurons

Question 22

Also known as the gland of childhood. It controls the activity of the reproductive organs. It secretes the hormone melatonin.

Answer 22

Pineal Gland

Question 23

Small bodies made up of clusters of special cells scattered all over the pancreas.

Answer 23

Islets of Langerhans

Question 24

Consist of the brain and the spinal cord.

Answer 24

The Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 25

Covers the cranial sacral regions. It slows down the life activities. It restores the body-stored energy thus calming down the body after resolving a stressful and emergency situations

Answer 25

Parasympathetic

Question 26

Also called the gland of babyhood. It keeps an individual childish. It secretes thymosin. This gland helps in building up the immune system of the body.

Answer 26

Thymus Gland

Question 27

An elongated strand with one or several formations at the far end called end brush.

Answer 27

Axon

Question 28

Involved with the process of maintaining the biochemical equilibrium in the body or homeostasis.

Answer 28

Endocrine System

Question 29

Serves as the bridge between the hindbrain and the forebrain. It is also involved in auditory and visual activities.

Answer 29

Midbrain

Question 30

What are the two (2) peripheral nervous system

Answer 30

- Somantic Nervous System - Autonomic or Visceral Nervous

Question 31

Carry messages or nerve impulses within the brain.

Answer 31

Inter-neurons, Connector Neurons or Association Neurons

Question 32

States that impulses travel only in one direction from neuron to neuron.

Answer 32

Law of Dynamic Polarity

Question 33

Carry messages or nerve impulses from the sense organ toward the brain

Answer 33

Sensory or Afferent Neurons

Question 34

Composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. This division of the nervous system is responsible for all involuntary movements within the body that keep us alive

Answer 34

Autonomic or Visceral Nervous

Question 35

Pea-shaped gland. It secretes parathormone which controls the calcium level in the blood.

Answer 35

Parathyroid Gland

Question 36

What are the 31 Pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 36

Cervical (neck) – 8 pairs Thoracic region – 12 pairs Lumbar region – 5 pairs Sacral region – 5 pairs Coccygeal region – 1 pair

Question 37

Is made up mostly of the nerve fibers running from one part of the brain to the others

Answer 37

Pons

Question 38

Is the most complex and largest part of the brain and considered as the seat of consciousness.

Answer 38

Cerebrum

Question 39

Covers the activities of the internal organs within the thoracic-lumbar regions. It activates and speed up life activities. It leads to increase adrenaline secretion by the adrenal gland that is needed for threatening or emergency situations.

Answer 39

Sympathetic

Question 40

Called little brain. It enables us to learn and develop our habits and skills. It regulates our tongue and jaw movements during speech.

Answer 40

Cerebellum

Question 41

Jelly-like and extra soft weighing about 1,400 grams. It is the master organ and is the busiest part of the body. It controls and directs all activities in the nervous system. As the master or the chief organ, it is responsible for the integration of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 41

The Brain

Question 42

Regulates the involuntary muscles responsible for our heartbeat, rate of breathing or respiration, swallowing and movements of the stomach and intestine.

Answer 42

Medulla Oblongata

Question 43

Keeps the balance of different body systems mainly because of its close involvement with the endocrine system which releases hormones inside the body. Considered as the seat of emotion. It maintains homeostasis by regulating some involuntary activities like body temperature, thirst and sexual drive as well as our emotional behaviors.

Answer 43

Hypothalamus

Question 44

Short branching processes whose function is to receive nerve impulses and carry them toward the cell body.

Answer 44

Dendrites