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Introduction To Psychology > Unit 4 - Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

The chemical senses.

A

Smell and Taste

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2
Q

Wherein the top horizontal line looks longer

A

Ponzo Illusion

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3
Q

Gives information about body position, movement and acceleration.

A

Vestibular Sense

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4
Q

Three (3) layers of skin senses

A
  • Epidermis,
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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5
Q

Five (5) kinds of sensation;

A
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Warmth
  • Cold
  • Pain
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6
Q

A visual disorder in which both eyes cannot focus on the same point at the same time.

A

Strabismus (cross-eyed)

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7
Q

A condition where a person can see distant object with greater activity than nearby objects.

A

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

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8
Q

Stems from exposure to very loud sounds.

A

Stimulation Deafness

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9
Q

Allows us to perceive an object as having constant lightness even while its illumination varies.

A

Lightness Constancy

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10
Q

Completing the missing or unfinished form or pattern to complete an element

A

Closure

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11
Q

Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance; the greater this effect, the farther away an object appear to be.

A

Linear Perspective

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12
Q

What are the three (3) auditory problems

A

Conduction Deafness
Sensory-neural Deafness
Stimulation Deafness

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13
Q

The process of becoming less sensitive to stimulation.

A

Desensitization

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14
Q

Which the vertical line looks longer.

A

Horizontal-Vertical Illusion

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15
Q

Our perception of odors is affected by our exposure to certain stimulation. It’s affected by our sensitivity to stimulus, temperature of the substances and the taste qualities in our tongue.

A

Olfactory and Gustatory Perception

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16
Q

A line disappear at an angle behind a solid figure, reappearing at the other side.

A

Poggendorff Illusion

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17
Q

In perceiving distance and direction of sound, we are using our binaural cues.

A

Sound Perception

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18
Q

The colored part of the eye.

A

Iris

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19
Q

when we travel in a vehicle, objects far away appear to move in the same direction as the observer, whereas close objects move in the opposite direction

A

Motion Parallax

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20
Q

has no shape and seems to continue behind the figure and has no definite location.

A

Ground

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21
Q

More common than total color blind and it is a sex-linked trait that strike mostly males. They are called dichromats.

A

Partial Color Blindness

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22
Q

Described certain principles or laws for grouping stimuli together;

A

Gestaltist

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23
Q

The larger the image of an object on the retina, the larger it perceived to be. Likewise, if an object is larger than other objects, it is often perceived as closer.

A

Size

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24
Q

Which is the foretelling of future events.

A

Precognition

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25
Q

Sensitive to various basic odors; flowery, misty, musky, ethereal, pungent, putrid and burnt.

A

The Nose

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26
Q

The ear and its basic structure

A

The Hearing

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27
Q

The tendency to perceive the same object as being the same size eventhough the size of its image on the retina varies as a function of its distance.

A

Size Constancy

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28
Q

Perceptions that are not based on input from our sensory receptors

A

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

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29
Q

Tells about the minimum difference in the magnitude of two stimuli present.

A

Difference Threshold

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30
Q

A condition in which persons suffering from this are monochromats and sensitive to light (dark only)

A

Color Blindness

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31
Q

A condition characterized by brittleness of the lens which usually begins at about the age of 38 – 46

A

Presbyopia

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32
Q

Which has a definite shape and a location in space.

A

Figure

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33
Q

A process which detect physical energy from the environment and encode it as a neural signals

A

Sensation

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34
Q

A visual disorder caused by abnormal curvature of the lens, so that images are indistinct or distorted

A

Astigmatism

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35
Q

Makes us perceive objects as retaining their color eventhough lighting conditions may alter their appearance

A

Color Constancy

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36
Q

A transparent protective structure

A

Cornea

37
Q

A postage-stamp-sized structure that contains two types of lights.

A

Retina

38
Q

Is the sense that gives us information about the location of our body parts and allows us to perform from a simple touching of nose to more complex movements such as dancing, driving and gymnastics.

A

Kinesthesia

39
Q

A condition where a person is capable of seeing nearby objects with greater activity than distant objects

A

Nearsightedness (myopia)

40
Q

We would be able to identify with precision whether we were touched with a pin, a feather or a flat surface.

A

Tactual Perception

41
Q

In order to see close objects, our eyes turn inward, toward one another; the greater this movement, the closer such objects appear to be.

A

Convergence

42
Q

The minimal amount by which a source of energy must be increased or decreased so that a difference in intensity will be perceived.

A

Just Noticeable Difference

43
Q

Usually stems from damage to the structures of the inner ear most often the loss of hair cells which will not regenerate

A

Sensory-neural Deafness

44
Q

Occurs because of damage to the structures of the middle ear, either to the eardrum or to the three bones.

A

Conduction Deafness

45
Q

Which sound stimulates the ear closer to the sound more strongly.

A

Intensity Difference

46
Q

The ability to perceive objects or events that do not directly stimulate your sense organs.

A

Clairvoyance

47
Q

The receptor organ for vision

A

The Eye

48
Q

Our two eyes observe objects from slightly different positions in space; the difference between those two images is interpreted by our brain to provide another cue to depth.

A

Retinal Disparity

49
Q

Below the horizon, objects lower down in our field of vision are perceived as closer; above the horizon, objects higher up are seen as closer.

A

Height Cues

50
Q

The texture of a surface appears smoother as distance increases

A

Texture Gradient

51
Q

The process by which we organize, interpret, or make sense of our sensory experiences.

A

Perception

52
Q

We perceive spots, lines, or areas as a single unit when uniform and linked

A

Connectedness

53
Q

The grouping of elements into feature easiest to understand.

A

Simplicity

54
Q

The process of becoming more sensitive to stimulation.

A

Sensitization

55
Q

Contains the eardrum and three small bones; the hammer, the anvil and the stirrup, which transmit sound by vibrating. It functions as an amplifier, it increases the magnitude of the air pressure.

A

Middle Ear

56
Q

In which the sound waves are detected by one ear earlier than the other.

A

Time Difference

57
Q

What are the types of perception

A
  • Visual Perception
  • Movement Perception
  • Depth Perception
  • Sound Perception
  • Olfactory and Gustatory
    Perception
  • Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
  • Perception of Time
  • Perception of Persons
  • Tactual Perception
58
Q

The ability to send message to another person through the mind.

A

Telepathy

59
Q

Suited for sensing auditory stimulation or hearing.

A

The Ear

60
Q

This tells the pressure of a sound wave at any part, place or movement.

A

Phase Difference

61
Q

A tendency to perceive a stationary point of light as moving in a dark room.

A

Auto Kinetic Effect

62
Q

In which the bottom line looks longer than the top line.

A

Muller-Lyer Illusion

63
Q

Occurs as a result of the on-off process of switching the row of light as seen in an electronic scoreboard in a baseball or basketball stadium

A

Phi Phenomenon

64
Q

Sharpness of vision or the ability to discriminate usual details which can be measured though a Snellen chart.

A

Visual acuity

65
Q

List the six (6) visual problems

A
  • Visual Acuity
  • Presbyopia
  • Strabismus (crossed-eyed)
  • Astigmatism
  • Color Blindness
  • Partial Color Blindness
66
Q

The grouping of various elements organized to create a form.

A

Continuity

67
Q

Makes motion picture possible which is done through the presentation of a rapid progression of images of stationary objects.

A

Stroboscopic Motion

68
Q

The grouping of like elements within a group with different elements.

A

Orientation

69
Q

The farther away objects are the less distinctly they are seen.

A

Atmospheric Perspective

70
Q

Various factors affect our perception of person such as attitudes, physical characteristics of the person being perceived, stereotypes and prejudices as well as our interests and values

A

Perception of Persons

71
Q

This phenomenon allows us to perceive an object as unchanging while the stimuli we receive from it changes. Thus we can identify things regardless of viewing angle, distances and illumination.

A

Perceptual Constancies

72
Q

The ability to affect the physical world purely through thought.

A

Psychokinesis or Telekinesis

73
Q

The eye and its basic structure.

A

The vision

74
Q

If one object overlaps another, it is seen as being closer than the one it covers.

A

Overlap

75
Q

Divides the line between what energy can be detected or not.

A

Threshold

76
Q

Moving objects whether they are people, animals, cars or trees of earth plummeting down a hillside.

A

Real Movement

77
Q

A clear structure in which shape adjusts to permit us to focus on objects at varying distances

A

Lens

78
Q

Perception can provide false interpretation of sensory information, known as illusion; which refers to incorrect perception.

A

Perceptual Illusion

79
Q

We group nearby figures together

A

Proximity

80
Q

A round opening in which size varies with lighting conditions.

A

Pupil

81
Q

Allows us to perceive familiar objects as having a constant form even when our retinal images of them change.

A

Shape Constancy

82
Q

The oval window transmits vibrations into the inner ear, the bony tube called cochlea, shaped like a snail

A

Inner Ear

83
Q

The minimal amount of energy that can produce a sensation

A

Absolute Threshold

84
Q

Shaped to funnel sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves and thereby transmits them to the middle and inner ears.

A

Outer Ear

85
Q

Found in the visceral organs such as stomach, intestines, internal sex organs, lungs, throat and heart.

A

Organic Sensation

86
Q

Made possible through our experience, conditioning and some organic conditions which give us cues.

A

Perception of Time

87
Q

Figures are similar to each other, we group them together

A

Similarity

88
Q

The largest organ in our body

A

The skin

Introduction To Psychology (6 decks)

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