Unit 6 - Learning, Memory and Thinking

Question 1

Is the tendency of the stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit the conditioned response

Answer 1

Generalization

Question 2

Is a kind of covert behavior and it is an internal process. May be regarded as a sequence of symbolic processes to implicitly manipulate ideas or objects that are physically absent to the senses.

Answer 2

Thinking

Question 3

The extent to which original and previous learned information still persists. It is used to store and retrieve this information.

Answer 3

Memory

Question 4

Refers to the tendency of a stimulus, which is similar to the one used in training to elicit the same response.

Answer 4

Stimulus Generalization

Question 5

The responses made by an individual are reinforced only part of the time.

Answer 5

Partial Reinforcement

Question 6

Is the simplest kind of learning.

Answer 6

Habituation

Question 7

Refers to the inability to recall a particular piece of information accurately. It means failure to retain what was previously learned. It is the extent with which learned information is lost.

Answer 7

Forgetting

Question 8

Two types of interference theory

Answer 8

Proactive Interference
Retroactive Interference

Question 9

A process that we cannot observe

Answer 9

Cognitive Learning

Question 10

Remembering the behavior either through mental images or language

Answer 10

Retention

Question 11

Being encouraged and motivated to adopt the behavior.

Answer 11

Reinforcement

Question 12

Is a partial recovery in the strength of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest interval.

Answer 12

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 13

Is a type of memory for rules and concept.

Answer 13

Semantic

Question 14

Refers to an event which may enhance or maintain the strength of a response

Answer 14

Reinforcement

Question 15

Defined as a complex process which brings about an enduring change in behavior as a result of practice

Answer 15

learning

Question 16

He is the most prominent social learning theorist who has engaged in many experiments involving learning by observing which otherwise known as vicarious learning or modeling, because a model is being imitated.

Answer 16

Albert Bandura

Question 17

What are the four (4) steps in the process of modeling

Answer 17

• Attention
• Retention
• Motoric Reproduction
• Reinforcement

Question 18

Kinds of learning

Answer 18

• Habituation
• Associative Learning
• Social Learning
• Skill Learning
• Verbal Learning
• Cognitive Learning

Question 19

This is also called skill memory because it involves how to do things

Answer 19

Procedural

Question 20

The learner is allowed to discover how his behavioral response affects the environment and vice-versa.

Answer 20

Operant or Instrumental Conditioning

Question 21

This is due to the distortion of learned information in the long-term memory.

Answer 21

Storage-Based Forgetting

Question 22

Is the opposite of generalization. It is the process of responding to the variation or differences between stimuli.

Answer 22

Discrimination

Question 23

The next level of learning wherein we form new association between a stimulus and a response (s – r theory).

Answer 23

Associative Learning

Question 24

The phase of classical conditioning whereby the stimulus association is learned.

Answer 24

Acquisition

Question 25

Three (3) types of memory

Answer 25

- Episondic - Semantic - Procedural

Question 26

Five (5) theory of forgetting

Answer 26

- Interference Theory - Decay Theory - Retrieval-Based Theory - Storage-Based Forgetting - Motivated Forgetting

Question 27

Simply refers to reviewing previous learning, the easiest method.

Answer 27

Relearning

Question 28

Holds that the cause of forgetting is because of conflict among information learned earlier of later

Answer 28

Interference Theory

Question 29

Involves the transfer of response from one stimulus to another stimulus through repeated pairings.

Answer 29

Classical Conditioning

Question 30

What are the three (3) kinds of verbal learning?

Answer 30

- Serial-anticipation learning - Free recall learning - Paired-associate learning

Question 31

Suggests that lapse of time is the reason for forgetting

Answer 31

Decay Theory

Question 32

Denotes the ability to identify learned items that are familiar.

Answer 32

Recognition

Question 33

What are the three (3) stages in learning a skill?

Answer 33

- Cognition - Fixation - Automation

Question 34

Is one where you engage in thinking just for pleasure of it like in the case of daydreaming and wishful thinking.

Answer 34

Autistic Thinking

Question 35

What are the seven (7) parameters of classical conditioning?

Answer 35

- Acquisition - Reinforcement - Extinction - Spontaneous Recovery - Generalization - Discrimination - Higher-Order Conditioning

Question 36

This are memorable events in your life.

Answer 36

Episodic

Question 37

Converting the recalled observation into action

Answer 37

Motoric Reproduction

Question 38

This is a form of cue-dependent forgetting. The memory trace is present but one just cannot bring out the information.

Answer 38

Retrieval-Based Theory

Question 39

Involves the recollection of past learning/experience with the presence of cues

Answer 39

Reintegration

Question 40

Three (3) stages of memory

Answer 40

- Sensory memory - Short-term memory - Long-term memory

Question 41

Refers to a series of responses wherein each response leads to the next response.

Answer 41

Shaping

Question 42

The process of reproducing past learning/experience without any clue.

Answer 42

Recall

Question 43

Two (2) kinds of thinking

Answer 43

- Realistic Thinking - Autistic Thinking

Question 44

Is one where you direct your thinking towards problem solving and decision-making.

Answer 44

Realistic Thinking

Question 45

The response made in one stimulus is not made possible to the others.

Answer 45

Discrimination Learning

Question 46

It involves the use of words either as stimuli or response. Some forms of linguistic abilities such as speaking, reading writing and reciting are involved in verbal learning

Answer 46

Verbal Learning

Question 47

Four (4) methods to measure memory or remembering

Answer 47

- Recall - Recognition - Reintegration - Relearning

Question 48

Who discovered the classical conditioning?

Answer 48

Ivan Pavlov

Question 49

Refers to the proficiency and competency in a certain kind of performance. Some forms of skills are verbal, reading and writing.

Answer 49

Skill Learning

Question 50

May take the form of suppression, a purposeful or voluntary process of blocking the information learned. This is also called conscious forgetting

Answer 50

Motivated Forgetting

Question 51

These reinforcers are learned, they refer to a stimulus that has gained a reinforcing property by having been paired with a primary reinforcer

Answer 51

Secondary Learning

Question 52

A progressive weakening of an instrumental learning due to the withdrawal of reinforcement.

Answer 52

Extinction

Question 53

What are the six (6) phenomena of interest in operant conditioning?

Answer 53

- Shaping - Extinction - Stimulus Generalization - Discrimination Learning - Partial Reinforcement - Secondary Reinforcement

Question 54

Sensing and perceiving the important aspects of the behavior to be imitated.

Answer 54

Attention

Question 55

Who experimented the operant or instrumental conditioning?

Answer 55

B.F Skinner

Question 56

Aids the individual to become flexible with his responses to the environment.

Answer 56

Higher-order Conditioning

Question 57

Four (4) basic steps of how our memory usually works

Answer 57

- Perception - Encoding/acquisition - Storage - Retrieval

Question 58

Refers to a decrease in the strength of a conditioned response resulting from repeatedly eliciting the response in the absence of the reinforcement.

Answer 58

Extinction