Unit 3 Vocab (1780s-1815)

Question 1

Republican Motherhood

Answer 1

attitude toward women’s roles present in emerging US before, during and after the Revolution

Question 2

The “critical period”

Answer 2

a period in which America faced economic, political and social chaos

Question 3

Annapolis Convention

Answer 3

convention in which 12 delegates from 5 states (NJ, NY, PA, DE, VA) gathered, wanted to reverse the protectionist trade barriers

Question 4

Federalist Papers

Answer 4

essays that explained how the new gov and constitution would work
- Jay, Hamilton and Madison wrote the essays

Question 5

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 5

farmers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt

Question 6

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 6

first organized territory of the US
- included lands beyond the App. Mountains, between British Canada and the Great Lakes to the north and Ohio River to south

Question 7

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 7

money man, Founding Father, founder of nation’s financial system that put US on a firm financial ground

Question 8

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 8

it was an armed rebellion in which people rebelled against the new whiskey tax

Question 9

Land Ordinance of 1785

Answer 9

standardized system= settlers could purchase farmland title, land sales provided revenue stream for congress

Question 10

Genêt Affair

Answer 10

Genêt was dispatched by French assembly, they wanted him to enlist American support for French wars

Question 11

Compact theory

Answer 11

holds that the country was formed through a compact agreed upon by all states

Question 12

Enumerated powers

Answer 12

congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it

Question 13

Pinckney’s Treaty

Answer 13

established friendship between US and Spain, defined bound. of the US with the Spanish colonies, US gets nav rights on the Miss. River

Question 14

“Strict constructionist”

Answer 14

wants to limits or restricts judicial interpretation, strict docs

Question 15

“Farewell Address”

Answer 15

warned America of the political dangers they can and must avoid if they are to remain true to their values, Washington

Question 16

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 16

treaty between the US and Britain, credited with preventing war

Question 17

American Colonization Society

Answer 17

ACS intended to support free African Americans, presence served as “perpetual excitement” to enslaved blacks

Question 18

1st Bank of US (debate)

Answer 18

Hamilton’s bank proposal faced resistance from Jefferson and Madison, claimed the bank was unconstitutional

Question 19

Orders in Council

Answer 19

closed the French-owned EU ports to foreign shipping

Question 20

Anti-Federalists

Answer 20

movement that opposed the ratification of the 1787 constitution, wanted the Bill of Rights and wouldn’t sign constitution w/o it

Question 21

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 21

allowed president to imprison and deport non citizens who were deemed dangerous or from a hostile nation

Question 22

Nullification

Answer 22

state has right to nullify or invalidate any federal law the state has deemed unconstitutional

Question 23

Bill of Rights

Answer 23

first ten amendments of the Constitution

Question 24

“Loose constructionist”

Answer 24

favoring a liberal construction of the constitution, broader power to federal government

Question 25

XYZ Affair

Answer 25

involved a confrontation between US and Republican France that led to the undeclared Quasi-War

Question 26

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 26

political statements in which KY and VA legislative took position that the federal Alien/Sedition Acts were unconstitutional

Question 27

"Revolution of 1800"

Answer 27

Thomas Jefferson defeated Adams, 1st peaceful transfer of power between parties

Question 28

Judiciary Act of 1801

Answer 28

reduced size of Supreme Court, six judges to five

Question 29

The "Marshall Court"

Answer 29

under Marshall, SC decisions upheld the supremacy of federal legislation over state

Question 30

Impressment

Answer 30

act of taking men into navy with or without force

Question 31

Midnight judges

Answer 31

last minute appointments made by US President John Adams, said that Adams signed appointments until midnight of his last day in office

Question 32

Judicial Review

Answer 32

power to override laws, established during Marbury v Madison case

Question 33

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 33

land deal between US and France, acquired approximately 827,000 square miles

Question 34

Barbary Pirates

Answer 34

operated from North Africa, US defeated them in Tripolitan Wars which helped the US gain credibility

Question 35

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 35

made any and all exports from the US illegal

Question 36

Non-Intercourse Act

Answer 36

replaced Embargo Act of 1807, lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports

Question 37

"Great Compromise"

Answer 37

defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the US Constitution

Question 38

Abigail Adams

Answer 38

John Adams' wife, John sought her advice with letters and their letters served as eyewitness account of the American Revolutionary War home front

Question 39

Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion

Answer 39

he gathered 1,000 rebellious slaves outside Richmond; however, two ppl gave the plot away + the Virginia militia stopped the uprising before it could begin

Question 40

Tecumseh

Answer 40

leader who fought against the United States expansion into the midwest, defeated at the battle of Tippecanoe

Question 41

Hartford Convention

Answer 41

Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising

Question 42

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 42

ended the war of 1812, Territory captured was returned to the original owner, set up a convention to determine the Canada/US border

Question 43

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 43

the British army attempted to take New Orleans, Andrew Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost, Treaty of Ghent ended it

Question 44

War Hawks

Answer 44

urged war with Britain to protect free trade and the rights of sailors

Question 45

Milan Decree

Answer 45

ruled that neutral ships that complied with the British orders in council were subject to seizure when they reached continental ports