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Health Assessment > unit 3 vocab > Flashcards

unit 3 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

valvular stenosis

A
  • tissues forming the valve leaflets become stiffer, narrowing the valve opening and reducing the amount of blood that can flow through it
  • heart murmur
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2
Q

valvular insufficiency

A
  • leaflets do not close completely, letting blood leak backward across the valve
  • heart murmur
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3
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A
  • abnormal opening (hole) b/t ventricles

* heart murmur

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4
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A
  • atherosclerosis
  • affected by lifestyle
  • leading cause of death
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5
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

•blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff
•restricts blood flow to your organs and tissues
•20-40 mmHg change in systolic
•increased pulse pressure
*hardening of arteries

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A
  • type of arteriosclerosis

* buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaques), which can restrict blood flow

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7
Q

pulse pressure

A

•difference b/t systolic and diastolic

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8
Q

arrhythmia

A
  • conduction disorders
  • irregular heart beat
  • ectopic beats
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9
Q

angina

A
  • severe chest pain
  • heart muscle ischemia
  • r/t lack of O2 to heart muscle
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10
Q

myocardial infarction

A
  • heart attack

* r/t NO O2 getting to heart muscle

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11
Q

orthopnea

A
  • difficulty breathing when laying down

* must be upright to breathe

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12
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

A

•wake up short of breath

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13
Q

hypoalbuminemia

A
  • low albumin levels

* causes edema

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14
Q

bruit

A
  • turbulent blood flow

* swooshing sound

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15
Q

thrill

A

•palpable vibration

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16
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A
  • HR varies w/ breathing

* common in children

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17
Q

midsystolic click

A
  • extra heart sound r/t murmur

* most common MVP

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18
Q

friction rub

A
  • extra heart soud r/t murmur

* a scratching or squeaking sound

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19
Q

rheumatic heart dz

A

•reduced fxnl capacity of heart

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20
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A
  • mitral valve doesn’t close
  • leaky valve
  • more common in women
  • causes mid systolic click sound
  • doesn’t usually cause problem for pt
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21
Q

intraluminal valves

A
  • in veins

* help blood flow back to heart against gravity

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22
Q

pit

A
  • depression left for 5-30 sec
  • 1+: 2 mm
  • 2+: 4 mm
  • 3+: 6 mm
  • 4+: 8 mm
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23
Q

thrombosis

A
  • blood clot

* local

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24
Q

embolism

A
  • blood clot

* traveling thrombosis

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25
gangrene
•localized death and decomposition of body tissue, resulting from either obstructed circulation or bacterial infection
26
nocturia
•retained fld from lower extremity excreted
27
hematopoiesis
* RBC production | * occurs in bone marrow
28
ligament
* fibrous bands from BONE to BONE * strengthen joint * prevent undesirable movement
29
bursa
•fluid filled sacs located a friction points
30
cartilage
* covers surface of opposing bones * tough, firm, flexible * allows bones to slide, reduces friction, absorbs shock
31
fascia
•bundles of muscle fibers
32
tendon
•connects MUSCLE to BONE
33
protraction
•moving body part forward and parallel to ground
34
retraction
•moving body part backward and parallel to ground
35
fasiculation
* small, local, and involuntary muscle ctx and rlx | * mini tremor
36
muscle bulk
•hypertrophy or atrophy
37
crepitus
•crackling or popping of joints
38
atony
•lacking muscle tone
39
hypotonicity
•having less than normal muscle tone
40
flaccidity
* softening * weak * lacking firmness
41
spasticity
•tight or stiff muscles that can't be controlled
42
spasm
•sudden, involuntary muscle ctx/movement
43
tremor
•involuntary quiver/shaking
44
goniometer
* measures angle of joint movement * fully extended = 0° * flexed = 150° * hyper-extended = neg. °
45
Phalen's test
* carpel tunnel test * dorsum of hands together for min * indicates carpel tunnel if numb/burn
46
Tinel's sign
* carpel tunnel test * direct percussion of median nerve * indicates carpel tunnel if burn/tingle
47
Varus stress test
* looking for laxity (give/wobble) * testing for torn meniscus/cartilage in knee * INTERNALLY rotate leg and pull away
48
valgus stress test
* looking for laxity (give/wobble) * testing for torn meniscus/cartilage in knee * EXTERNALLY rotate leg and pull away
49
rheumatoid
* Systemic inflammatory dz of joints and connective tissue * thickening of synovial membrane * fibrosis and bony ankylosis
50
ankylosis
•abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint
51
bone spur
* outgrowth of bone that occurs along the edges * most often found at joints * seen in osteoarthritis
52
atrophy
•loss of muscle mass
53
polydactyly
•extra digits
54
syndactyly
* fingers or toes wholly or partly united | * webbed
55
gout
* any kind of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in joints * acute- affects 1 joint * chronic- repeated episodes of multiple joint pain
56
osteopenia
•bone density 1.0-2.5 standard deviations below mean
57
osteoporosis
•bone density ≥ 2.5 standard deviations below mean
58
stereognosis
•ability to identify an object by touch
59
dermatome
* band of skin innervated by sensory root of single spinal nerve * helps localize lesion to specific spinal cord segment
60
senile tremors
* benign hand, head nodding | * tongue protrusion
61
dyskimesias
* abnormal movement | * repetitive movements of jaw, lips, or tongue
62
dysarthria
* difficulty w/ motor aspect of speech * difficulty w/ tongue and mouth movements * physical dysfunction * different than dysphasia b/c not difficulty finding/forming words
63
syncope
* temporary LOC * fainting * BP dropping
64
static (resting) tremor
* occurs when at rest | * can usually stop by moving affected body part
65
postural (action) tremor
•occur when trying to hold body part still or when moving deliberately
66
vertigo
* rotational spinning * literally feel like room is spinning * light headedness
67
aura
* auditory, visual, or motor sensation * usually precedes seizure * SUBJECTIVE
68
paresis
* partial loss | * partial paralysis
69
paralysis
•total loss of motor fxn
70
paresthesia
* abnormal sensation | * burning, tingling, etc
71
cerebellar ataxia
•pt cannot stand w/ feet together and maintain balance whether eyes open or closed
72
rapid alternating movements (RAM)
•flipping hands on knees
73
bradykinesia
•slow movements
74
kinesthesia
•awareness of position and movement of body parts
75
graphesthesia
•ability to recognize "tracing" on skin
76
clonus
* muscular spasm involving repeated, often rhythmic, contractions * reflexes hypersensitive (4+) * common in MS
77
isometric ctx
•muscle remains same length and tenses
78
ABC
* airway * breathing * circulation
79
dystonia
* constant state of resistance | * hand or foot bent inward
80
delirium
* an ACUTEly disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders * restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech * changes r/t hospitalization, meds, surgery, ICU
81
dementia
* a CHRONIC or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury * memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning * slow onset
82
calf muscles
•responsible fro moving blood supply from feet to IVC
83
intermittent claudication
* pain with exertion | * problem with arterial blood flow to extremities
84
pubic symphysis
* cartilage that hold pelvic bone together | * separates during delivery
85
internal rotation
* rotation towards center of body | * Ex: hand to scapula
86
p
after
87
P-A; P/A; PA
posterior-anterior
88
P&A
percussion and auscultation
89
pap test
papaniocolaou smear
90
PCA
patient controlled analgesia
91
PERRLA
pupils equal, round, react to light and accommodation
92
PMH
past medical history
93
PMI
point of maximum impulse
94
PO; p.o
orally
95
PPD
purified protein derivative (TB test)
96
PRN, p.r.n
as required
97
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
98
PT
prothrombin time | physical therapy
99
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
100
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
101
q.i.d
four times daily
102
R
take
103
RBC
red blood cell | red blod count
104
RDA
recommended daily/dietary allowance
105
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
106
RLE
right lower extremity
107
RLL
right lower lobe
108
RLQ
right lower quadrant
109
RML
right middle lobe of lung
110
R/O
rule out
111
ROM
range of motion
112
ROS
review of symptoms
113
RR
recover room | respiratory rate
114
RT
radiation therapy reading test respiration therapy
115
R/T
related to
116
RUE
right upper extremity
117
RUL
right upper lobe
118
RUQ
right upper quadrant
119
s
without
120
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
121
SOB
shortness of breath
122
sol
solution | dissolved
123
Sp.gr., SG, s.g
specific gravity
124
staph
staphylococcus
125
stat
immediately
126
STD
sexually transmitted dz
127
Sub q
subcutaneous injection
128
strep
streptococcus
129
s/s
signs and symptoms
130
sx
symptoms
131
sym
symmetrical
132
T
temperature
133
tab
tablet
134
TAH
total abdominal hysterectomy
135
T & A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
136
TB
tuberculin tuberculosis tubercle bacillus
137
t.i.d.
three times a day
138
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
139
TPR
temperature, pulse, & respiration
140
TSE
testicular self-examination
141
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
142
Tx
treatment
143
UA
urinalysis
144
UE
upper extremity
145
Umb; umb
umbilicus
146
URI
upper respiratory infection
147
US
ultrasound
148
UTI
urinary tract infection
149
UV
ultraviolet
150
vol
volume
151
VS; v.s.
vital signs
152
WBC; wbs
white blood cell count
153
WN
well nourished
154
WNL
within normal limits
155
wt
weight
156
y; yr
year
157
y/o
years old

Health Assessment (8 decks)

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