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Dental nurse exam revision > Unit 305 > Flashcards

Unit 305 Flashcards

1
Q

Patients who have anxiety may have a different experience to patients who do not during dental treatment. What are the reasons for this?

A

Low pain threshold
Perception of feeling pain
Fainting due to not eating prior because of naseua

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2
Q

What does lying supine mean?

A

Lying flat

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3
Q

What effect can dental treatment have on a patient with heart conditions?

A

Stressful episodes can occur

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4
Q

What effect can dental treatment have on a patient with Hypertension (High blood pressure)?

A

Anxiety = raised blood pressure putting strain on the heart

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5
Q

What effect can dental treatment have on a patient with liver or kidney disorders?

A

Medications/LA not working correctly - takes longer to kick in.

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6
Q

What effect can dental treatment have on a patient with Diabetes?

A

Heal poorly
Prone to infection

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7
Q

What effect can dental treatment have on a patient with Allergies?

A

Extra care taken, known allergens

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8
Q

What medications react with Local anaesthetic?

A

Antidepressants, contraception, thyroxine

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9
Q

What effect can dental treatment have on a patient who is undergoing long term steriod treatment?

A

Crash in blood pressure due to stress

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10
Q

How many hours of BLS CPD should be completed yearly?

A

3 hours

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11
Q

Where is the BLS CPD explained?

A

GDC standards for the dental team

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12
Q

What are the 2 things that should be checked/noted FIRST when assessing a casualty?

A

Warning signs and symptoms

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13
Q

What are the 2 signs that prompt BLS immediately

A

Unconsciousness
Abnormal breathing

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14
Q

What does Asystole mean?

A

Heart has stopped beating

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15
Q

What does fibrillating mean?

A

Heart is beating ineffectively

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16
Q

What does hypoxia mean?

A

lack of oxygen to the brain

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17
Q

Increased rate of respiration? Which is correct:
A. faster than 50 breaths per min
B. faster than 5 breaths per min
C. Slower than 20 breaths per min
D. faster than 20 breaths per min

A

D - rise and fall of chest

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18
Q

Increased heart rate? Which is correct:
A. Faster than 100 beats per min
B. Faster than 120 beats per min
C. Slower than 120 beats per min

A

A - take the pulse

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19
Q

Falling blood pressure? Which is correct:
A. Reading above 120mmHg
B. Reading below 110mmhg
C. Reading below 90mmhg

A

C - blood pressure machine

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20
Q

What is the average falling blood pressure?

A

120mmhg

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21
Q

Who was the ABCDE approach issued by?

A

The resuscitation council

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22
Q

What does ABCDE stand for in assessment?

A

A - airways
B - breathing
C- circulation
D- disability
E - exposure

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23
Q

What is the correct word for oxygen?

A

Atmospheric gas

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23
Q

What transports oxygen around the body?

A

Arterial bloodstream

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23
What is the main aim of BLS?
Maintain the flow of oxygenated blood around the body.
23
What are the 3 vital organs?
Heart brain lungs
23
when a casualty is faced without oxygen, how many minutes will it take for death to occur?
3-4 minutes
24
Rescue breathing provides...
Oxygen to the lungs
25
External chest compressions allows....
circulation of oxygen to the body tissues
26
Lack of pupillary response indicates?
brain death
27
Current compression/ventilation algorithm is?
30:2
28
Heart has stopped beating...
cardiac arrest
29
Abnormal breathing may mean..
possible obstruction in the patients respiratory system.
30
What colour will the skin change to when the body tissues become starved of oxygen?
blue or grey
31
DRSABC stands for?
Danger - Look around Response - verbal or non-verbal Shout - help Airways - any obstructions Breathing - rise and fall 10 seconds Circulation- compressions
32
DRSABC is used when assessing what type of situation?
emergency
33
Should privacy of the patient be maintained at all times?
YES
34
What is the log roll technique in BLS?
Rolling patient onto their back on a hard surface, keeping their head in line with their spine at all times.
35
Why is the log roll technique used?
to prevent further injury
36
What rate should the 30 chest compressions be given at and at what depth?
100 per minute 4-5cm
37
Percentages in relation to oxygen
Atmosphere 21% Breathed out 16% 21-16 = 5% produce energy for cells to work
38
The difference of rescue breathing between babies and children
Babies - nose and mouth together Children - pocket mask or ventillation bag
39
Mouth to mouth technique is given using what technique?
head tilt/ chin lift or jaw thrust
40
What sort of casualty are AED devices usually used on?
A patient who is experiencing fibrillation
41
What does the AED device do?
restart the heart likelihood of survival depends on how early it is used.
42
What will the AED device say if the patient is not fibrillating?
NO SHOCK
43
What can prevent the effectiveness of the AED device?
Hairy chest- are able to proceed if razor is unavailable Damp skin Breast tissue Poor contact between pads and skin
44
What is the main reason for a cardiac arrest in younger casualties?
Lack of oxygen to the brain due to airway obstruction
45
Signs that indicate a functioning circulatory system are:
Movement of patient coughing, attempting to breath change in skin colour (pink)
46
After emergency what infection policy should be followed?
Local infection control policy
47
Respiratory arrest...
when a patient is not breathing
48
What steps do you follow when a patient collapses?
secure airway recovery position
49
How long is the first aid at work qualification valid for?
3 years
50
Meaning of a first aider
qaulified to give first aid treatment
51
what do the 3 P`s stand for?
Preserve - Life Prevent - situation from worsening Promote - recovery
52
can the causes of a collapse be life threatening?
YES
53
Examples of a cause of a patient collapsing?
All medical emergencies
54
What is a simple faint called?
Vasovagal syncope
55
What is the cause of a faint?
Reduction of oxygenated blood to the brain Hypoxia
56
Signs and symptoms of a faint?
Signs- pale and clammy skin, weak pulse, loss of consciousness Symptoms - dizziness, tunnel vision, nausea
57
Treatment for a faint?
Lay flat with legs raised above the head Glucogel or dextrose tablet to restore blood sugar levels Slow release carbohydrate e.g. biscuit
58
What is the reason behind a patient having an asthma attack?
Hypersensitivity condition that affects the respiratory airways. Airways narrow due to inhaled particles and patient has difficulty breathing.
59
Signs and symptoms of an asthma attack
Signs - breathlessness (wheezing), cyanosis (lips blue), restlessness Symptoms- Difficulty breathing, sensation of suffocating or drowning
60
Treatment for an asthma attack:
Salbutamol inhaler Oxygen
61
What is anaphylaxis?
severe allergic reaction Immune system over reacts to the allergen causing swelling + a fall in blood pressure HYPOTENSION
62
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis:
Signs- rapid facial swelling, formation of rash, gasping, collapse symptoms- sudden breathing difficulties that worsen, extreme tingling
63
Treatment for anaphylaxis
Call 999 Intramuscular adrenaline and oxygen
64
What is the reason behind an epileptic fit?
Prediagnosed condition, brief disruption of the normal electrical activity within the brain = fit.
65
Signs and symptoms of an epileptic fit:
signs- loss of consciousness, followed by tonic clonic seizure, poss incontinence becomes rigid Symptoms- Altered mood "AURA", dazed + sleepy on recovery, no memory of the fit
66
treatment for epileptic fit
Protect casualty from injury, if no recovery within 5 mins call 999 Midazolam buccal gel can be administered
67
What kind of medical history can a patient have who is having a hypoglycaemia and diabetic coma and why do they occur?
A prediagnosed diabetic Has not took medication or ate at the correct time prior treatment
68
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia and diabetic coma:
signs- trembling, cold/clammy, become irritable, slurred speech, drowsy, appear drunk symptoms- confusion, disorientated, blurred vision
69
treatment for hypoglycaemia and diabetic coma:
Conscious - glucogel tube unconscious - intramuscular glucagon
70
What medical history causes angina?
A patient with prediagnosed coronary artery disease Blood vessels supplying the heart are narrowed due to the presence of cholesterol or thrombus (blood clot) chest pains ranging from indigestion - heart attack
71
signs + symptoms of angina:
signs- congested facial appearance, clutching chest/left arm, irregular pulse, shallow breathing. symptoms - crushing chest pains, nausea, breathlessness
72
what does thrombus mean?
blood clot
73
treatment for angina
GTN spray - glyceryl trinitrate under tongue
74
Myocardial infarction
heart attack clots may be dislodged and obstruct the blood vessel supplying the heart.
75
signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction:
signs- clutching of chest, grey colour, poss collapse symptoms- crushing chest pain that isnt relieved by GTN spray
76
treatment for myocardial infarction:
call 999 urgently aspirin tablet
77
The correct choking procedure
1. ask if they are choking 2. ask the patient to cough 3. 5 back slaps 4. 5 chest thrusts 5. 5 abdominal thrusts
78
signs and symptoms of choking:
signs- coughing/wheezing, laboured breathing, inability to speak, blue lips. symptoms - aware of obstruction, breathing difficulties, dizziness
79
STROKE Cerebral infarction
A blood vessel supplying the brain becomes blocked by a clot formed within the vessel "thrombus", or by a clot that travels elsewhere in the body "embolism".
80
STROKE Cerebral haemorrhage
A blood vessel supplying the brain begins to leak or ruptures causing haemorrhage on the skull - pressure on the brain.
81
What is a TIA?
mini stroke temporary disruption of the blood supply to an area of the brain. tends to ressolve in 24 hours.
82
signs and symptoms of a stroke:
signs- weakness of the face/limbs on one side of the body, difficulty in speaking, loss of balance/fall. Symptoms- numbness of the face/limbs, sudden headache, confusion, diziness.
83
Action to take during a stroke...
F- face A- arm S- speech T- time to call 999
84
What medical history will a patient have who is suffering with adrenal crisis.
Prediagnosed long term steriod treatments reduces the bodies ability to produce their own natural steriods Inability to enable fight or flight during stressful situations. Fall in blood pressure leading to potential clinical shock
85
What will a patient carry who takes long term steriods?
Steriod warning card
86
Signs and symptoms of adrenal crisis:
signs- low blood pressure, fast heart rate, pale, vomitting. symptoms- nausea, abdominal pain, lethargic, weak
87
Treatment during medical emergency adrenal crisis
Call 999 lay casualty flat administer oxygen
88
Hyperglycemia is...
High blood sugar
89
Hypertension is....
High blood pressure
90
Hypoglycemia is....
Low blood sugar
91
Hypotension is...
Low blood pressure
92
If a casualty is unconcious what is the first thing you should check for before attempting BLS?
DNR
93
Is handover to specialist mandatory?
YES
94
what does Hypoxic relate to?
Body tissues
95
Which organisations believe it is important to have an AED on the premises?
Resusitation council CQC
96
Should written records be kept regarding a medical emergency?
YES the whole event accurate record
97
Who will a practice be liable to if accurate records are not maintained during a medical emergency?
GDC
98
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert voice pain unresponsive
99
What is the percentage of oxygen we will give a patient when we artifcially respirate for them?
16% 80mmHg

Dental nurse exam revision (13 decks)

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