Unit 4 Flashcards
(108 cards)
The compartment labeled “A” in the above diagram is the _____. It receives venous (deoxygenated) blood from the body.
right atrium
The compartment labeled “B” in the above diagram is the _____. It contracts to send blood to the lungs for gas exchange.
right ventricle
The compartment labeled “C” in the above diagram is the _____. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
left atrium
The compartment labeled “D” in the above diagram is the _____. It contracts to send blood to the entire body.
left atrium
The vessel labeled “E” in the above diagram is the ______. It is the initial conduit for deoxygenated blood to pass to the lungs.
pulmonary artery
The vessel labeled “F” in the above diagram is the ______. It is the initial conduit for all oxygenated blood to pass to the entire body.
aorta
The valve labeled “G” is generally called a _______. Don’t worry about left or right on this one. These one-way valves connect the top chambers of heart to the bottom ones.
Atrioventricular (AV) valve
The valve labeled “H” is generally called a _______. Don’t worry about left or right on this one. These one-way valves prevent back-flow of blood from adjacent vessels when the bottom chambers relax.
semilunar valve
OK, enough with that figure above. Let’s talk more about the myocardial cells. Cardiac muscle cells are held together, end-to-end, at complex junctions called ________ that consist of interdigitated
membranes.
intercalated disks
Within the junctions mentioned in the previous question (intercalated disks), the cells are physically tethered by these strong connections that allow force created in one cell to be transferred to the adjacent cell.
demosomes
These components of the junctions mentioned in Question 9 allow cardiac muscle cells to be electrically connected. These direct conduits
between myocardial cells allow waves of depolarization of to pass rapidly between cells, causing them to contract almost simultaneously.
gap junctions
These specific myocardial cells make up ~99% of the heart, are striated muscle, and have thick and thin filaments organized into sarcomeres.
contractile cells
These specific myocardial cells make up ~1% of the heart, and mostly lack thick and thin filaments. Rather they are specialized for passing
electrical signals around the heart.
conducting (autorhythmic) cells
This general category of vessel directly returns blood back to the heart atria.
veins
This general category of vessels directly receives blood from the heart ventricles.
arteries
These blood vessels are the primary site of vasoconstriction and vasodilation because they contain large amounts of smooth muscle.
arterioles
These blood vessels are where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occurs in body tissues.
capillaries
These blood vessels receive deoxygenated blood from the vessels named in the previous question.
venules
The circuit of the cardiovascular system that conducts deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart is called the _______.
pulmonary circuit
The circuit of the cardiovascular system that conducts oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues and returns deoxygenated blood
back to the heart is called the _______.
systemic circuit
______ defines the amount of blood that is pumped by one ventricle during a single contraction.
stroke volume
The total volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during a given period of time (usually 1 minute) is called the ______.
cardiac output
This concept explains that the heart must pump all the blood that returns to it AND the force of heart contraction is determined by the volume of blood returning to it at any given moment.
Frank-Starling Law
______ is a term that describes all the electrical and physical events that happen in the heart during one contraction-relaxation cycle.
cardiac cycle