Unit 4

Question 1

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions; most are used to convert energy into a storable form, or to use it

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

How does metabolism work in animals?

Answer 2

use cellular respiration to covert energy acquired from ingestion to ATP

Question 3

How does metabolism work in plants?

Answer 3

use photosynthesis to generate sugars that may be stored AND respiration to generate ATP

Question 4

What is ATP?

Answer 4

consists of robose, adenine, and 3 covanlently bonded phosphate molecules

Question 5

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 5

unstable; transferring the terminal phosphate confers energy in the recipient molecule

Question 6

What is energy?

Answer 6

the ability to do work

Question 7

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 7

the energy of motion

Question 8

What is potential energy?

Answer 8

the energy or state of position

Question 9

Study of energy in the form of heat

Answer 9

thermodynamics

Question 10

Use of energy to drive chemical reactions

Answer 10

biological systems

Question 11

Making or breaking chemical bonds; commonly used to store or release energy

Answer 11

chemical reactions

Question 12

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 12

energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can change states

Question 13

Measured as a random movement of molecular; during conversion of energy, some is lost as heat

Answer 13

heat energy

Question 14

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 14

disorder in a closed system increases; disorder is more common than order

Question 15

What is entropy?

Answer 15

a measure of the disorder of the system

Question 16

Original molecules before the reaction; also called “substrates”

Answer 16

reactant

Question 17

Substances that result from a reaction

Answer 17

product

Question 18

The products of a reaction present more motential energy than the reactants

Answer 18

energonic reaction

Question 19

The products of a reaction prepresent less energy than the reactants

Answer 19

exergonic reaction

Question 20

Before a chemical reaction may occur, some energy must be invested to destabilize the reactants; may be viewed as a barrier to entropy

Answer 20

activation energy

Question 21

Manipulating the reactants to decrease the activation energy requirements accomplished by enzymes

Answer 21

catalysis

Question 22

What is an enzyme?

Answer 22

protein that affects the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 23

By decreasing the activation energy

Answer 23

increase the rate

Question 24

By binding reactants to prevent further reaction

Answer 24

decrease the rate

Question 25

A series of reactions in which the product of one becomes the reactant in the succeeding reaction

Answer 25

biochemical pathway

Question 26

Determines the function of a protein; if this changes, so does the activity

Answer 26

enzyme shape

Question 27

Region of the enzyme that binds to the reactants; much of the rest of the enzyme supports this

Answer 27

active site

Question 28

region of the reactant that the active site binds to

Answer 28

binding site

Question 29

What are the factors affecting enzyme shape?

Answer 29

temperature, denature, and pH

Question 30

How does temperature affect the shape of the enzyme?

Answer 30

increasing temperature increases molecular movement, and the probability the enzyme will contact reactant, and increases reaction rate

Question 31

How does denature affect the shape of the enzyme?

Answer 31

temperature increases enough to "cook" the protein and cause it to lose shape

Question 32

How does pH affect the shape of the enzyme?

Answer 32

rate of reactopn decreases as pH diverses from optimum

Question 33

A regulatory molecule binds to the active site of the enzyme and prevents

Answer 33

competitive inhibition

Question 34

The product of a reaction binds to the active site of the enzyme preventing further reaction

Answer 34

competitive feedback inhibition

Question 35

Compound binds away from the active site, chaning the shape of the active site

Answer 35

allosteric control

Question 36

Allosteric binding changes the shape of the active site to facilitate binding of reactant

Answer 36

activation

Question 37

Allosteric binding changes the shape of the active site to prevent binding of the reactant

Answer 37

inhibition

Question 38

The product of a reactant binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme preventing further reaction

Answer 38

allosteric feedback inhibition

Question 39

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 39

process of converting solar energy into ATP, then using ATP to manufacture sugar from CO2 and H2O

Question 40

The addition of electron(s)to a substrate; often coincidental with anabolic reactions

Answer 40

reduction reaction

Question 41

Process of converting macromolecules (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) into ATP, used by all organisms

Answer 41

cellular respiration

Question 42

The loss of electron(s) from a reactant, often coincidental with catabolic reactions

Answer 42

oxidation reaction

Question 43

Which law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed?

Answer 43

1st

Question 44

In which type of reaction do the products represent more potential energy than the reactants?

Answer 44

endergonic

Question 45

In which type of enzyme regulation does a compound bind away from an active site, changing the shape of the active site?

Answer 45

allosteric

Question 46

An enzyme is a carbohydrate that affects thet rate of a chemical reaction. True or False?

Answer 46

False