Unit 4

Question 1

What is a Caliphate?

Answer 1

A state under the leadership of a Caliph ( a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government.)

Question 2

What does Secular mean?

Answer 2

Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.

Question 3

What is a centralized government?

Answer 3

A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local government are subject.

Question 4

What is Manorialism?

Answer 4

A political and economic system defined by the relationship between landowners and land workers.

Question 5

What is Feudalism?

Answer 5

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for military service, loyalty and protection of the people who live on the land.

Question 6

What is social mobility?

Answer 6

the degree to which individuals, family’s, or group’s social status can change

Question 7

How did the fall of Rome impact Eastern and Western Europe?

Answer 7

Western Europe became Medieval Europe and became decentralized.

Eastern Europe became the Byzantine Empire and became centralized

Question 8

Why did feudalism and Manorialism develop in western Europe?

Answer 8

they developed in Western Europe because it was decentralized.

Question 9

What effects did Fuedalism and Manoralism have on the people of western Europe?

Answer 9

This system gave power to kings and nobles while serfs and peasants had no power and little freedom.

It brought protection, stability, and made the Empire sufficient and because of this there was no trade and the Empire grew poor

Question 10

Was the Catholic Church powerful in medeival Europe?

Answer 10

yes because Western Europe was made mostly up of Christians, therefore, it became dominant…

The church controlled wealth, education, the gov. and religion

• Popes were the top of the social class
• owned 1/3 of all the land in Europe
• controlled the military and education
• controlled and crowned the king
• cannon laws….

Question 11

Where was the Byzantine empire?

Answer 11

• surrounds the med. sea
• located on Africa, Europe, and Asia
• North of north africa
• west of the middle east

Question 12

How did the geography and location of the Byzantine Empire affect the development of it?

Answer 12

because it surrounded the entire med sea, this meant it was at the center of multiple trade routes. because of this they had lots of cultural diffurion and grew in wealth and power very quickly.

Question 13

How did Justinian and Theodora gain, consolidate, and maintain power?

Answer 13

gained: increased trade
maintained: crushed rebelions
consolidated: ad their own law code (justinian law code)

Question 14

Where were the Tang and Song dynasties?

Answer 14

located in east asia

• south of the mongolian steppe
• east of the himalays
• North of India

Question 15

How interconnected were the Tang and Song dynasties with other religions?

Answer 15

they were inerconected through the silk road trade

Question 16

What led to the Tang and Song dynasties golden ages?

Answer 16

trade, peace, unification of the region, and redistribution of the land

Question 17

How did the Tang and Song Dynasties impact China, other regions, and later periods in history?

Answer 17

they created many new inventions:

gunpowder: improved the military. led to the creation of explossive wepons
compass: easier navigation at sea lead to fater and more efficient trade

paper currency: was cheaper to produce, easier to carry, and more unified therefore made trade easier

Question 18

Where is the Middle East?

Answer 18

West of Central Asia and north of Africa

Question 19

How did geography of the Middle east affect the development of post-classical civilizations?

Answer 19

was at the center of prosperous trade routes and was surrounded by water therefore they grew very wealty.
however challanges like the Arabian desert also made trade difficult.

Question 20

How interconnected was the Middle East in the post-classical era? How did trade routes in the Middle East affect the civilizations connected by them?

Answer 20

the Middle East was very interconnected, by the many trade routes (trans-sharan, med sea complex., indian ocean complex, silk road)
they were brought many new Goods, wealth, and there was a lot of cultural diffusion

Question 21

What are the major beliefs and practices of Islam?

Answer 21

• five pillars; especially the HAJJ
• Quran
• monothestic, believed in Allah
• Muhammad was the final prophet

Question 22

What was the HAjj?

Answer 22

part of the five pilars of Islam…

it is a pilgrimage to Mecca that all muslims must complete at least once in their life

Question 23

how did Islamic Caliphates gain, consolidate, and maintain power?

Answer 23

gained: conquest and trade
maintained: taxing people who didn’t follow the religion of Islam
consolidated: education, unifying the language (Arabic), minting their own money

Question 24

What led to the Abbasid golden age?

Answer 24

Prosperity, peace, education, and technological advancements, stability and wealth(that came from trade)

Question 25

how did the Arabian Golden Age impact the Middle east, other regions, and later periods of history?

Answer 25

it became a major Center that attracted a lot of merchants and Scholars. because of this there was a lot of trade that brought well but it was also a place of great knowledge for many advancements were made and later spread to the rest of the world.. examples - cataract surgery - study of germs; building of hospitals - anatomy

Question 26

What were the Trans Saharan trade routes?

Answer 26

The Trans-Saharan trade routes were a group of trade routes across the Sahara that connected Africa to the rest of Asia and Europe.

Question 27

How might the Trans-Saharan trade routes have affected the civilizations connected by them?

Answer 27

civilization connected by them became wealthy due to trade and were exposed to a variety of new goods and ideas

Question 28

What innovations made the Trans-Saharan trade routes better, faster, safer, and easier?

Answer 28

camels because they can travel hundreds of miles without water you can carry more than 150 kg and can stay stable in the sand... because of this they could carry a lot of goods and would not need to stop very often on the dangerous journey

Question 29

Why were West African Empires prosperous?

Answer 29

because of gold and salt trade

Question 30

What were the effects of Mansa Musa's rule and the hajj.

Answer 30

On Mansa Musa's travels, he spent tons o mone which caused inflation, but he also spread the religion of Islam through these travels because he built mosks everywhere

Question 31

What do Ibn Batutta's travels and his accounts of them reveal about the Muslim world in the 1300's

Answer 31

the Muslim world was technologically advanced and people were very devoted to their religion that they would risk their lavies traveling the Hajj together wich was dangerous.

Question 32

Where was the Mongol Empire located?

Answer 32

transcontinental empire that stretched across more than one continent and controlled a large portion of Eurasia -india was south of the empire

Question 33

How did geography and historical circumstances lead to the rise of the Mongol Empire?

Answer 33

- they controlled a lot of land through which there was a lot of trade routes - they were also located on the stepped of Central Asia (very flat and open land) which was great for trade and allowed them to quickly conquer nearby civilizations

Question 34

How did the Mongols gain, maintain, and consolidate power?

Answer 34

gained: war/conquest, promoted on merit not wealth (therefore gained lots of followers) maintained: strengthening military, military inovations (horse+crossbow) consolidated: used their poser to restore the destruction in North China, they increased wealth and unity by doing this

Question 35

where the mongols civilized?

Answer 35

``` Yes: -advanced tech -increase cultural diffusion -tolerant of all religions -used power to create unity and welth within the commnity .... ```

Question 36

where did Bantu tribes migate?

Answer 36

migrated across outhern Africa all the way to the to East African coast

Question 37

where did Iban Battuta traveled?

Answer 37

he travled alonf the trans-sharan trade route