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WJEC Level 3 Criminology (KEDST 2023/24). > UNIT 4 - AC3.1 - Explain the role of agencies in social control. > Flashcards

UNIT 4 - AC3.1 - Explain the role of agencies in social control. Flashcards

1
Q

Who founded the Met Police in 1829?

[AC3.1]

A

Sir Robert Peel.

[AC3.1]

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2
Q

What is the Philosophy of the POLICE?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Community Policing.
  • Proactive Engagement.
  • Ethical Standards (Police Code of Ethics).

[AC3.1]

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3
Q

What are the Aims & Objectives of the POLICE?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Maintaining Law & Order.
  • Crime Prevention.
  • Enforcement of Laws.

[AC3.1]

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4
Q

What is the Funding for the POLICE like?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Government Allocation (salaries, equipment, training).
  • Grants & Special Funding:
    • (£17,613 million in funding in England and Wales in March 2024).
    • (£556 million overall funding increase since 2023 in nominal terms - up 3.3%).
    • (Overall funding increase of 0.7% in real terms).

[AC3.1]

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5
Q

What is the Reach of the POLICE? National or Local?

[AC3.1]

A

Primary focus is local but they also operate regionally and nationally. Allows them to tackle cross-border crimes and tackle and target major criminal networks.

[AC3.1]

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6
Q

What Types of Criminality does the POLICE deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

All types of offences from petty theft, vandalism and minor assault to serious offences including murder and terrorism.

[AC3.1]

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7
Q

What Type of Offenders does the POLICE deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

All types of offenders including first-time offenders, repeat offenders and individuals involved in gangs.

[AC3.1]

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8
Q

What Working practices do the POLICE get involved in?

[AC3.1]

A

They Patrol local areas whilst also responding to routine and emergency calls. They also attend crime scenes to preserve the scene and get statements from witnesses.

[AC3.1]

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9
Q

What is the Philosophy of the CPS?

[AC3.1]

A

They follow values including:
- Independence and Fairness.
- Equality, Diversity and Inclusion.
- Public Interest Consideration.
- Treating everyone with respect.

[AC3.1]

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10
Q

What are the Aims & Objectives of the CPS?

[AC3.1]

A

They help to:
- Prosecute Criminal Cases.
- Uphold the Public Interest.
- Ensuring Justice.
As well as having a charging role which they must act impartially.

[AC3.1]

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11
Q

What is the Funding for the CPS like?

[AC3.1]

A

They are funded by the government, but may receive additional resources such as grants or budget allocations.
- There was an £80 million cash increase in resource funding 2024-25 by SR21.

[AC3.1]

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12
Q

What is the Reach of the CPS? National or Local?

[AC3.1]

A

They are a national organisation split into 14 regional/ more local teams.

[AC3.1]

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13
Q

What Types of criminality does the CPS deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They deal with all sorts of crimes/ offences except from some very minor ones. They take fully responsibility for all serious cases.

[AC3.1]

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14
Q

What Types of offender does the CPS deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They deal with all types of offender no matter their age. This is apart from those committing very minor crimes which is not important enough to be investigated.

[AC3.1]

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15
Q

What are the Working Practices of the CPS?

[AC3.1]

A

They follow the Code for Crown Prosecutors to complete the Full Codes Test including the Evidential Teat and the Public Interest Test. The threshold test may take place if there is not enough evidence but the crime is too serious (e.g. terrorism).

[AC3.1]

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16
Q

What is the Philosophy of the Judiciary

[AC3.1]

A

The Judiciary have to be Independent and Impartial to ensure no influence or bias. They also have to be fair and equal whilst also adhering to legal principles.

[AC3.1]

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17
Q

What are the Aims & Objectives of the Judiciary?

[AC3.1]

A

They have to uphold the law and apply it correctly as well as ensuring fair and impartial decisions where the rights of the individual are protected.

[AC3.1]

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18
Q

What is the Funding of the Judiciary like?

[AC3.1]

A

The main source of funding is directly from the government budgets. In 2018, the most senior judge (Lord Chief Justice) received £257,000 whilst districts ones only received £110,000. Some experience barristers can earn more than £1 million.

[AC3.1]

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19
Q

What is the Reach of the Judiciary? National or Local?

[AC3.1]

A

The Judiciary work in courts both locally and Nationally. Supreme Courts are national and there are around 90 courts locally.

[AC3.1]

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20
Q

What Types of criminality does the Judiciary deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They deal with summary, triable-either way and indictable offences, as well as any civil disputes or cases from Crown, Appeal or Supreme Courts.

[AC3.1]

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21
Q

What Types of offender does the Judiciary deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They don’t act directly with offender’s but they make decisions regarding guilt or innocence in court. Judges deal with all types of offender except for those who commit less serious crimes which magistrates deal with.

[AC3.1]

22
Q

What are the Working Practices of the Judiciary?

[AC3.1]

A

The judiciary’s salary is guaranteed (split into heirarchy - superior and inferior judges).
Juges have to swear to 2 oaths:
* The Oath of Allegiance.
* The Judicial Oath.
They aim to charge offenders to keep them out of society.

[AC3.1]

23
Q

What is the Philosophy of Prisons?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Custodial Care - saftey and security of inamates.
  • Rehabilitation and Reform - provide access to education and mental heath services to reduce reoffending rate.
  • Human Rights and Dignity - humane treatment of prisoners.

[AC3.1]

24
Q

What are the Aims & Objectives of Prisons?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Punishment and Rehabilitation.
  • Public Saftey.
  • Reintegration Preparation.

[AC3.1]

25
Q

What is the Funding for Prisons like?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Government Allocation - budgets.
  • Grants and Programmes - aimed at specific programmes (e.g. education).
  • £3.8 billion investment over 3 years to deliver additional 20,000 prison places in England and Wales.

[AC3.1]

26
Q

What is the Reach of Prisons? National or Local?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Nationally organised with Local prisons throughout the UK.
  • Offenders first placed in local prison to be given security classification (A → D).

[AC3.1]

27
Q

What Types of criminality do Prisons deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They deal with all seriousnesses of offences from Muder and Terrorism down to theft. In other words non-violent to serious crimes.

[AC3.1]

28
Q

What Types of offender do Prisons deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

All sorts of offender such as:
* First-time offenders.
* Repeat Offenders.
* Those with rehabilitation needs.
* High risk offenders.
Old and Young (Young Offender Institutes).

[AC3.1]

29
Q

What are the Working Practices of Prisons? Prison Activity Statistics…?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Token Economies and IEP Schemes - Basic, Standard, Enhanced.
  • Only 2/5 prisons were assessed as having ‘good’ or ‘reasonably good’ prison activities in 2018 report as well as only 50% of prisons having too few activities.

[AC3.1]

30
Q

What is the Philosophy of the Probation Service?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Rehabilitative Approach - belief in individuals to change and improve.
  • Individualised Support - tailored support for specific circumstances and risks.
  • Restorative Justice - encourages accountability of criminal actions.

[AC3.1]

31
Q

What are the Aims & Objectives of the Probation Service?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Rehabilitation and Reintegration - asses root causes of behaviour.
  • Reducing Recidivism - providing support and guidance to help change attitudes and behaviour.
  • Supervision and Monitoring - ensuring compliance and offering support to individuals.

[AC3.1]

32
Q

What is the Funding for the Probation Service like?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Government Allocation.
  • Contracts and Outsourced Services - 3rd party contracted agreements.
  • £200 million a year by 2024/25 to improve prison leavers’ access to accommodation, emplyment support and substance misuse.
  • Provide £75 million a year by 2024/25 to expand use of GPS-enhanced tagging for offenders.

[AC3.1]

33
Q

What is the Reach of the Probation Service? National or Local?

[AC3.1]

A

The NPS is a National service which replaced the 35 probation trusts in 2014, which is now split into 7 divisional areas on Local services.

[AC3.1]

34
Q

What Types of criminality does the Probation Service deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They engage with offenders who have committed all sorts of crimes. Especially ones in which the offender wants to make ammends for through restorative justice schemes.

[AC3.1]

35
Q

What Types of offender does the Probation Service deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

All types of offender especially those who want to reform and reintegrate back into society normally. At any 1 time there are 250,000 offenders on probation.

[AC3.1]

36
Q

What are the Working Practices of the Probation Service?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Preparing pre-sentence reports to take to court.
  • Manage superivised accommodation.
  • Assess wellbeing of offenders.
  • Help offenders to meet the requirements given by courts.
  • Monitoring high-risk offenders.

[AC3.1]

37
Q

What is the Philosophy of Charities?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Advocacy and Support.
  • Education and information.
  • Collaboration and Partnerships.

[AC3.1]

38
Q

What are the Aims & Objectives of Charities?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Supporting Individuals with Convictions.
  • Reducing Stigma and Discrimination.
  • Promoting Rehabilitation and Reintegration.

[AC3.1]

39
Q

What is the Funding for Charities like?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Donations and Grants - charitable donations and grants for specific projects.
  • Membership Fees and Services - memberships for guidance or resources regarding information.

[AC3.1]

40
Q

What is the Reach of Charities? National or Local?

[AC3.1]

A

They extend nationally throughout the UK and use online platforms such as websites and helplines to support individuals worldwide. They are made of lots of local community organisations and policymakers.

[AC3.1]

41
Q

What Types of criminality do Charities deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They deal with all sorts of cases such as for criminal convictions regarding minor offences to more serious crimes. Also convictions which require appealing due to certain different reasons.

[AC3.1]

42
Q

What Types of offender do Charities deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They provide support for all backgrounds and circumstances including:
* First-time offenders seeking guidance of legal implications.
* Repeat offenders - support in breaking the cycle of reoffending.
* Those with diverse criminal records to help rebuild their lives.

[AC3.1]

43
Q

What are the Working Practices of Charities?

[AC3.1]

Name an example of a charity.

A
  • Advice and Guidance.
  • Campaigns and Advocacy.
  • Resource Provisions.

[AC3.1]

UNLOCK - group founded by former prisoners to help individuals with the long-term impacts of convictions. They have a helpline in which in 2020/21 they supported 8,049 people through. They help with bank accounts.

44
Q

What is the Philosophy of Pressure Groups?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Advocacy for Change - influence policy makers to help change policies.
  • Empowerment and Support.
  • Collaboration and Partnerships - collaborate with government agencies and organisations to share best practices.

[AC3.1]

45
Q

What are the Aims & Objectives of Pressure Groups?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Advocacy and Policy Change - they aim to change policies to help support individuals and reduce reoffending.
  • Social Integration and Support.
  • Reducing Discrimination - raising awareness, challanging stigmatization and advocating fair treatment and opportunities.

[AC3.1]

46
Q

What is the Funding for Pressure Groups like?

[AC3.1]

A
  • Charitable Donations - supports operations and campaigns.
  • Government Contracts - for specific programs or initiatives aimed at supporting ex-offenders.

[AC3.1]

47
Q

What is the Reach of Pressure Groups? National or Local?

[AC3.1]

A

They extend nationally throughout the UK and use online platforms such as websites and helplines to support individuals worldwide. They are made of lots of local community organisations and policymakers/ stakeholders.

[AC3.1]

48
Q

What Types of criminality do Pressure Groups deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They deal with all sorts of cases such as for criminal convictions regarding minor offences to more serious crimes. They also deal with those that come to them regarding assistance for implications of their conviction.

[AC3.1]

49
Q

What Types of offender do Pressure Groups deal with?

[AC3.1]

A

They provide support for all backgrounds and circumstances including:
* First-time offenders seeking guidance of legal implications.
* Repeat offenders - support in breaking the cycle of reoffending.

[AC3.1]

50
Q

What are the Working Practices of Pressure Groups?

[AC3.1]

Name an example of a Pressure group.

A
  • Advocacy and Campaigning.
  • Support Services.
  • Community Engagement.

[AC3.1]

  • NACRO - They have provided over 3000 tenants properties. In 2018, 2,600 people left custody with secure permanent accommodation.
  • Campaign such as ‘Ban the Box’ - remove the box on application forms for criminal conviction/ record.

WJEC Level 3 Criminology (KEDST 2023/24). (10 decks)

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