UNIT 4 CHAP 12

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 2

attribution

Answer 2

explanation for cause of behaviors or events
- to determine the cause we decide whether the behavior comes from internal or external cause

Question 3

internal cause

Answer 3

dispositional
- personal characteristics

Question 4

external

Answer 4

situational
situational demands

Question 5

fundamental attribution error

Answer 5

tendency when analyzing another’s behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Question 6

just-world hypothesis

Answer 6

assumption that world is just and people get what they deserve
helps justify cruelty of others

Question 7

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 7

expectations of a person elicit behavior from person that confirms our expectations

Question 8

self-serving bias

Answer 8

tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive oneself favorably
-take credit fir positive events
-blame external factors for negative events

Question 9

false consensus effect

Answer 9

bias where we assume everyone experiences the world like we do (beliefs, attitudes, behaviors)
-why men underestimate sexism

Question 10

false uniqueness effect

Answer 10

tendency to underestimate the commonality of ones abilities and successful behaviors

Question 11

attitudes

Answer 11

evaluative reactions towards things, events, and other people
-attitudes guide our behavior when…
we feel strongly about them
we are consciously aware of them
outside influences on behavior are weak

Question 12

cognitive dissonance

Answer 12

feeling of discomfort created from a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior or between two competing attitudes or beliefs
when behaviors contradict attitudes

Question 13

social influence

Answer 13

examines how other people and social forces they create influence an individuals behavior
explain why we conform, comply, obey, and how group influence us

Question 14

conformity

Answer 14

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with group standard

Question 15

normative social influence

Answer 15

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Question 16

informational social influence

Answer 16

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others opinions about reality
- people are unsure of situation
- people are unsure of a situation
- people lack information
-behavior is public

Question 17

compliance

Answer 17

acting in accordance to a direct request from another person or group
- use logic and persuasion to get desired response
-compliance techniques
foot in the door
door in the face
low ball
that’s not all

Question 18

foot in the door

Answer 18

start with small request
follow up with large one

Question 19

door in the face

Answer 19

start with a large request
follow up with small one

Question 20

low ball

Answer 20

make an attractive initial offer
after getting a commitment make the terms less good

Question 21

that’s not all

Answer 21

people are more likely to comply to a request after a build up to make the request sound better

Question 22

obedience

Answer 22

following the commands of a person in authority
stanley milgrams (in)famous studies

Question 23

social facilitation

Answer 23

improved performance of tasks in the presence of others
-occurs with simple or well learned tasks
- not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered

Question 24

social loafing

Answer 24

tendency for people In a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually ac countable

Question 25

group polarization

Answer 25

if a group is like-minded discussion strengthens is prevailing opinions

Question 26

deindividuation

Answer 26

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity - deindividuated people feel less restrained - may forget their moral values and act spontaneously without thinking

Question 27

altruism

Answer 27

actions designed to help others with no obvious benefit to the helper - why do we help? -egoistic model: helping motivated by anticipated gain - empathy-altruism model: helping motivated by empathy, share emotions experienced by others

Question 28

diffusion of responsibility (why we don't help)

Answer 28

dilution or diffusion of personal responsibility - ambiguous situation: unclear what help is needed

Question 29

bystander effect

Answer 29

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 30

agression

Answer 30

behavior with intent to harm another person causes are complex: biological factors, frustration effects, social factors

Question 31

biological factors

Answer 31

testosterone levels weakly correlated with aggression - low levels of cortisol are associated higher levels of aggressive behavior - alcohol usage increases aggression -genetic factors

Question 32

causes of aggression

Answer 32

frustration: occurs when achievement of a goal is blocked - being uncomfortable - personality -parenting -peers -violent media

Question 33

risk factor model of aggression and violence

Answer 33

aggression/violence is a result of the accumulation of risk factors -peers, personality, parents, biology, neighborhood - the more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to act aggressive/violent in any given situation - some people have more risk factors than others

Question 34

interpersonal attraction

Answer 34

liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person - factors that influence interpersonal attraction -similarity: friends share common attitudes, beliefs, interests -matching hypothesis: choose mate similar to self

Question 35

factors that influence interpersonal attraction

Answer 35

physical attractiveness: choose mate similar to self in attraction -if different, mate tends to have a compensating asset ex: money power talent proximity familiarity mere exposure effect - repeated exposure to novel stimuli inc liking of them

Question 36

male vs female facial attractiveness

Answer 36

feminized characteristics - eyebrow arch -bigger eyes -narrow jaw and nose -fuller lips masculinized features: -pronounced eye-brow ridge -big jaw, square face men and women prefer feminine features in men

Question 37

eyes and attractiveness

Answer 37

limbal ring: line that separates colored part of eye from white people with distinct ring are perceived to be more attractive

Question 38

triangle theory of love

Answer 38

-intimacy: closeness, sharing, communication, and support -passion: physiological arousal and intense desire to be with loved one -commitment: affirmation of your love and long term commitment to maintain that love combine to form different types of love

Question 39

triangle theory of love pt 2

Answer 39

romantic love: intimacy and passion companionate love: intimacy and commitment - release of oxytocin -shift 3-4 years into relationship from romantic ideal relationship: consummate love: intimacy and commitment and passion