Unit 4 Exam

Question 1

Stage of mitosis when chromatids are pulled apart and 46 individual chromosomes migrate to different poles.

Answer 1

anaphase

Question 2

Stage of mitosis when nuclear envelopes reappears and spindle breaks down. The cell will have two distinct nuclei.

Answer 2

telophase

Question 3

Stage of mitosis when chromatids line up at the equator and spindles attach to centromeres.

Answer 3

metaphase

Question 4

Stage of interphase characterized by growth and replication of organelles.

Answer 4

G1 phase

Question 5

Stage of mitosis when nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers form, and centrioles begin to migrate to poles.

Answer 5

prophase

Question 6

The “cleaving” or dividing of the cell. Differs slightly in plant and animal cells.

Answer 6

cytokinesis

Question 7

Cell cycle arrest. Cells that enter this phase do not go through the cell cycle.

Answer 7

G0 phase

Question 8

Stage of interphase characterized by growth and preparation for entry into mitosis.

Answer 8

G2 phase

Question 9

Stage of interphase characterized by replication of genetic material.

Answer 9

S phase

Question 10

A set of chromosomes

Answer 10

karyotype

Question 11

____ cells are “non” sex cells such as liver cells, brain cells, or blood cells.

Answer 11

somatic

Question 12

_____ are sex cells (sperm and egg). Also known as germ cells.

Answer 12

gametes

Question 13

All human somatic cells contain how many chromosomes?

Answer 13

46

Question 14

All human somatic cells contain how many pairs of chromosomes?

Answer 14

23

Question 15

For humans, the normal diploid number is…

Answer 15

46

Question 16

Human gametes contain how many chromosomes.

Answer 16

23

Question 17

How many sex chromosomes are in a normal human karyotype?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

Normal human males have which two sex chromosomes?

Answer 18

XY

Question 19

Normal human females have which two sex chromosomes?

Answer 19

XX

Question 20

“Autosomes” are non-sex chromosomes. How many autosomes are in a normal, human karyotype?

Answer 20

44

Question 21

having an extra chromosome

Answer 21

trisomy

Question 22

missing a chromosome

Answer 22

monosomy

Question 23

Mitosis is also known as “division of the

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

Most of the life of the cell is spent during this phase.

Answer 24

interphase

Question 25

what are the 3 main stages of a cells life

Answer 25

interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 26

what happens in the G1 phase

Answer 26

cell grows, cell taken in lots of nutrients and energy, most organelles get copied

Question 27

How many total chromosomes are present in a cell during G1 phase?

Answer 27

46

Question 28

what happens in the S phase

Answer 28

DNA gets copies

Question 29

How many chromosomes (chromatids) are present by the end of S phase?

Answer 29

92

Question 30

what happens in the G2 phase

Answer 30

cell grows some more, cells "double checks" duplicated chromosomes for mistakes

Question 31

How many chromosomes (chromatids) are present by the end of G2 phase?

Answer 31

92

Question 32

mitosis is "___"

Answer 32

nuclear division

Question 33

what are the 4 steps of mitosis

Answer 33

1. prophase 2. metaphase 3.anaphase 4.telophase

Question 34

what happens during prophase

Answer 34

nuclear envelope will disappear, centrioles move to either pole of the cell, spindle fibers form

Question 35

As as a cell enters the first phase of mitosis, how many chromosomes (chromatids) are present?

Answer 35

92

Question 36

what happens during metaphase

Answer 36

chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, spindle fibers attach to centromere of each chromatid

Question 37

what happens during anaphase

Answer 37

spindle fibers pull apart identical chromatids, spindle breaks down after this and are considered chromosomes

Question 38

what happens during telophase

Answer 38

nuclear envelope will reform, 46 chromosomes per nucleus

Question 39

what is cytokinesis

Answer 39

cell division

Question 40

what does cytokinesis form in animal cells

Answer 40

a furrow

Question 41

what does cytokinesis form in a plant cell

Answer 41

a cell plate

Question 42

True or False All cells go through the cell cycle at the same rate.

Answer 42

false

Question 43

Chemicals that act as traffic signals to help regulate the rate at which cells go through the cell cycle are known as _____

Answer 43

regulatory proteins

Question 44

Cells will divide until they come in contact with each other. This is known as

Answer 44

contact inhibition

Question 45

briefly explain the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor.

Answer 45

Benign tumors grow slowly and do not spread but malignant tumors lose their cohesiveness and enter the blood (metastasis).

Question 46

____occurs when cancerous cells have broken apart from a tumor and entered the bloodstream.

Answer 46

Metastasis

Question 47

cells are

Answer 47

cohesive

Question 48

what can cancer result in

Answer 48

1. uncontrolled cell division 2. loss of cell cohesion

Question 49

what can cause cancer

Answer 49

genetics and carcinogens

Question 50

Female gonads are called

Answer 50

ovaries

Question 51

Male gonads are called

Answer 51

testes

Question 52

At the end of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis), ___________ are produced.

Answer 52

somatic cells

Question 53

At the end of meiosis, ___________ are produced.

Answer 53

gametes

Question 54

Meiosis is sometimes referred to as "reduction division." What gets reduced during meiosis?

Answer 54

The number of chromosomes in each cell

Question 55

In males, how many sperm cells are produced during meiosis?

Answer 55

4

Question 56

In females, how many eggs (ova) are produced during meiosis?

Answer 56

1