Unit 4 Quiz #1

Question 1

The inside of the cell

Answer 1

cytoplasm

Question 2

Liquid part of the cell that mainly consists of water

Answer 2

cytosol

Question 3

Gives structure and support to the cell

Answer 3

cytoskeleton

Question 4

Responsible for generating energy for the cell

Answer 4

mitochondria

Question 5

Central office of the cell & stores the cell’s DNA

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

Is located inside the nucleus. When the cell divides, this substance will condense into chromosomes.

Answer 6

chromatin

Question 7

The instructions to build proteins are on this

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

Cellular gasoline. The energy that cells use.

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

These are the assembly line workers in the cell. Their jobs are to build proteins.

Answer 9

Ribosomes

Question 10

This term means “building proteins.” It’s what ribosomes do.

Answer 10

protein synthesis

Question 11

This is a small region inside the nucleus that is responsible for making ribosomes.

Answer 11

nucleolus

Question 12

This organelle is responsible for transporting materials around the cell. It’s also responsible for building phospholipid molecules.

Answer 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

The packaging center of the cell.

Answer 13

golgi body

Question 14

This is the repairman of the cell. It takes care of fixing damaged cell parts. It also will destroy the cell if it is beyond repair.

Answer 14

lysosomes

Question 15

When cells are damage beyond repair, lysosomes will destroy the cell. This is a process known as

Answer 15

apoptosis

Question 16

The storeroom of a cell. They are much larger in plant cells than animal cells.

Answer 16

Vacuoles

Question 17

This is the general name for cell parts that do specific jobs within the cell.

Answer 17

organelle

Question 18

The product of the cell factory. This is what all cells make.

Answer 18

protein

Question 19

In order to build proteins, cells need these basic building blocks.

Answer 19

amino acids

Question 20

The door to the cell.

Answer 20

cell membrane

Question 21

Another name for the cell membrane is the ___
bilayer.

Answer 21

phospholipid

Question 22

This term refers to the ability of the cell to allow some things in while not allowing other things to enter or leave.

Answer 22

semi-permeable

Question 23

This term describes the head of a phospholipid molecule. They LOVE water.

Answer 23

hydrophilic (head)

Question 24

This term describes the tails of phospholipid molecules. They HATE water.

Answer 24

hydrophobic (tail)

Question 25

These cell membrane proteins are responsible for cell to cell communication.

Answer 25

receptor proteins

Question 26

_____ are chemical signals that are sent from one cell to another.

Answer 26

Hormones

Question 27

These cell membrane proteins are responsible for giving the cell an identity. This is very important so that our immune systems can distinguish our own cells from bacteria and viruses.

Answer 27

Marker proteins

Question 28

These cell membrane proteins are responsible for allowing materials to enter and leave the cell.

Answer 28

Channel proteins

Question 29

Whats the cell theory?

Answer 29

1) cells are the smallest working unit of living things 2) all living things are made of cells 3) all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 30

What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 30

1) Eukaryotic cells are much longer. 2) Most prokaryotic cells are independent while eukaryotic cells are dependent on other cells. 3)Eukaryotic cells mainly perform special tasks while prokaryotic cells are highly specialized to perform many tasks. 4) Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

Question 31

Describe three differences between plant and animal cells.

Answer 31

1) Plant cells have a cell wall and membrane but animal cells only have a cell membrane. 2) Plant cells have large vacuoles but animal cells have smaller or no vacuoles. 3) Plant cells have chloroplasts but animal cells have no chloroplasts.

Question 32

_______ are the organelle inside of a plant cell that is responsible for photosynthesis.

Answer 32

Chloroplasts

Question 33

Inside of chloroplasts are disc shaped structures called

Answer 33

thylakoids

Question 34

A stack of thylakoids is called

Answer 34

granum

Question 35

Inside of each thylakoid is a green chemical called ___ which is responsible for capturing sunlight.

Answer 35

chlorophyll

Question 36

The fluid filled filled region of the chloroplast is called the ____

Answer 36

stroma

Question 37

Where does the light reaction take place inside the chloroplast?

Answer 37

inside the thylakoids

Question 38

During the light reaction, what must a cell capture from its environment in order for the reaction to take place?

Answer 38

sunlight and water

Question 39

During the light reaction, what gas is produced and released into the environment?

Answer 39

oxygen gas

Question 40

Summarize the light reaction

Answer 40

Takes place in the thylakoids, requires water & sunlight, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and then the water molecules are broken down to produce oxygen gas and is released into the environment, and so is ATP

Question 41

Where does the dark reaction take place in the chloroplasts?

Answer 41

in the stroma

Question 42

​What is needed by the cell in order for the dark reaction to take place?

Answer 42

carbon dioxide and ATP

Question 43

​Why must the light reaction take place before the dark reaction?

Answer 43

Because ATP is produced by the light reaction and used during the dark reaction.

Question 44

​What sugar is ​produced ​during the dark reaction?

Answer 44

glucose

Question 45

Summarize the dark reaction.

Answer 45

Takes place in the stroma, no sunlight is needed, CO2 & ATP are needed, the ATP is used to build glucose & these simple sugars are the food for the plant and can be used to make large sugar molecules

Question 46

. The following choices are parts to the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Which of the following choices displays the correct equation for photosynthesis. _______ + ________ →________ + _______

Answer 46

Sunlight + CO2 + H2O→C6H12O6+ O2

Question 47

The following choices are parts to the chemical equation for respiration. Which of the following choices displays the correct equation for respiration. _______ + _________ → _______ + _______

Answer 47

C6H12O6 + O2→CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 48

list four things that can easily pass through cell membranes.

Answer 48

02,CO2,H20, and amino acids.

Question 49

define the term "osmosis."

Answer 49

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that only involves water moving across the membrane.

Question 50

Osmosis is a type of "passive" transport. What does this mean?

Answer 50

It doesn't require energy(ATP).

Question 51

Describe a hypotonic environment

Answer 51

there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell

Question 52

Describe a hypertonic environment

Answer 52

there is a lower concentration of water outside the cell

Question 53

Describe an isotonic environment

Answer 53

there is the same concentration of water outside the cell as there is on the inside (equilibrium)

Question 54

the pressure that builds up inside a cell due to a hypotonic environment

Answer 54

osmotic pressure

Question 55

______ helps to withstand high osmotic pressures in plant cells

Answer 55

cell walls

Question 56

occurs when plant cells lose water

Answer 56

plasmolysis

Question 57

This term describes any type of transport that requires energy to be used by the cell.

Answer 57

active transport

Question 58

This term describes any type of transport that does not require energy to be used by the cell.

Answer 58

passive transport

Question 59

The movement of particles (generic) from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Answer 59

diffusion

Question 60

The movement of water (specific) from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Answer 60

osmosis

Question 61

The movement of particles across a membrane through channel proteins.

Answer 61

facilitated diffusion

Question 62

is a type of active transport in which cells take in large amounts of material.

Answer 62

endocytosis

Question 63

is a type of active transport when cells expel a large amount of waste materials into the environment.

Answer 63

exocytosis