Unit 4 LEC: NUTRITION AND PUBLIC HEALTH Flashcards by jade doe

Nutrition is essential for life, encompassing
________ and _________ aspects of accessing
necessary substrates and cofactors.

Biological ; Sociological

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substances made from iodine; controls the metabolic functions such as temperature regulation

thyroid hormone

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main component found in hemoglobin

iron

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Vitamin A is important in the _______ system

immune

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focuses on promoting and protecting health, preventing illness, and prolonging life through organized societal efforts

Public health nutrition

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manifests as micronutrient
deficiencies, wasting, and stunting in childhood and
nutrition-related chronic diseases in adulthood

Undernutrition

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Examples are obesity, type
2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and common
cancers

Nutrition-related chronic diseases

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Function 1: The a________, s_________ and d_________ of
knowledge relating nutrition to health and
disease;

acquisition; synthesis; dissemination

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Function 2: S_______ p________ to detect potential nutritional problems across the life course among the population, and to monitor

Surveillance programmes

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Function 3: To m________ c______; evidence-informed policy development and implementation

monitor change

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Professional nutritional practice requires t______ and e________ to apply nutrient requirements in
clinical and public health settings.

training; experience

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They play a significant role in addressing undernutrition and chronic diseases globally.

Nutritionists

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As societies undergo n_________ t__________, there is a rising burden of nutrition-related chronic diseases in less economically developed countries.

nutritional transition

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are vital for promoting well-being and reducing the burden of nutrition-related diseases

Public health nutrition interventions

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Understanding the body’s n_______ d_______ and
how different foods meet them is essential for
formulating effective nutrition policies.

nutritional demands

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N_______ s______ applied to policy-making ensures a coherent response to maintain a healthy food supply during disruptions.

Nutrition science

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Nutritional status indicator that covers body composition, BMI, arm circumference, and waist-hip ratio

Long-term

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Nutritional status indicator that covers energy and nutrient balance, number of meals and servings, and refusal to eat

Short-term

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Nutritional status indicator that covers biochemical parameters and functional parameters

Intermediate

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Poor nutrition in the first _____ days of children’s lives can have irreversible consequences.

1,000

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a severely stunted child faces a ____ times higher risk of dying, and a severely wasted child is at a ____ times higher risk.

4; 9

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Under-nutrition can cause various diseases such as
blindness due to

Vitamin A deficiency

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Under-nutrition can cause various diseases such as
neural tube defects due to

Folic acid deficiency

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inadequate length/height for age

Stunting

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inadequate weight for height

Wasting

inadequate weight for age

underweight

The circumference of the child’s upper arm half way between their shoulder and elbow

Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)

indication of acute malnutrition independent of the child's age

Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)

If the child’s arm is less than _____cm in circumference, she is severely malnourished

11.5cm

If the child’s arm is between ____ and ____ cm in circumference, she is moderately malnourished.

11.5 and 12.5cm

Indicated MUAC values of 11.5 to 12.5 are appropriate for children from ___ to ____ months

6; 60

Anthropomorphic measurement

Weight-for-Length Reference Card

When assessing weight-for-height, infants and children ______ 24 months of age should have their lengths measured lying down (supine).

under

Children _____ 24 months of age should have their heights measured while standing

over

Infants and children under ____ cm can be measured lying down (or supine) and those above ___cm standing.

the number of standard deviations (SD) below or above the reference median value

z-score

reflects chronic under-nutrition during the most critical periods of growth and development in early life

Stunting

composite form of under-nutrition that includes elements of stunting and wasting.

Underweight

reflects acute under-nutrition

Wasting

Standards for child nutrition

WHO Child Growth Standards

SAM in children aged 6-60 months

WFH < -3SD MUAC < 11.5cm Bilateral oedema due to loss of albumin

weight for height is above two standard deviations or above three standard deviations

Overweight

Low birth weight is defined as a weight of less than ______ grams at birth

2,500

relies on the identification of the causes of disease

Primary prevention

Components of PHN

Health protection Health promotion Healthcare services

Prevention approaches for optimal health

Personal prevention Community-based prevention System-based prevention

where food intake is written down, and calories and nutrients are monitored for good nutrition

Food Diary

Individuals with a vegetarian diet are usually low in _____

iron

Meaning of PEM

Protein Energy Malnutrition

a collaboration among personnel representing different disciplines of public health workers (nurses, social workers, physicians, daycare workers, dietitians, and dietetic technicians)

interdisciplinary team

Channeling f____ and e_____ to problems that affect the lives of the largest numbers of people in a community

funds; energy

is the assurance/guarantee that food will not cause harm to the consumers when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use

Food Safety

is a group of illness caused by any infectious (bacteria, viruses and parasites) and non-infectious agents (chemical, animal and plant toxins)

Food and Water-borne diseases

Fungi in peanuts

Alfatoxin

4 levels in the social determinants of health

individual, micro, meso, macro

biggest portion in the social determinants of health; shows how the government regulates nutrition via laws

Macro

part in the social determinants of health; involves what the people want in their diet and what they consider ‘normal’

Psychosocial and Cultural determinants

exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences

Food Security

Four pillars of food security

Availability Accessibility Utilization Stability

main headquarter for research on rice

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

○ Domestic production ○ Import capacity ○ Food stocks ○ Food aid

Availability

○ Income, purchasing power, own production ○ Transport and market infrastructure ○ Food distribution

Accessibility

○ Food safety and quality ○ Clean water ○ Health and sanitation ○ Care, feeding and health seeking practices

Utilization

○ Weather variability, seasonality ○ Price fluctuations ○ Political factors ○ Economic factors

Stability

long-term or persistent food insecurity

Chronic Food Insecurity

short term and temporary food insecurity

Transitory Food Insecurity

falls between chronic and transitory food insecurity

Seasonal Food Security

occurs when there is a cyclical pattern of inadequate availability and access to food

Seasonal Food Security

_________ analysis suggests two main intervention options: ○ Reduce the degree of exposure to the hazard ○ Increase the ability to cope

Vulnerability

Meaning of 4Ps

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

T/F: All hungry people are food insecure, but not all food insecure people are hungry.

results from deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in the consumption of macro- and/or micronutrients.

Malnutrition

cause of hunger, lack of adequate and proper nutrition

Poverty

“________ encompasses different dimensions of deprivation that relate to human capabilities including consumption and food security, health education, rights, voice, security, dignity and decent work.”

Poverty

record all food and beverages immediately before or after they are consumed

Dietary Records

Measurement of nutrient intake

Dietary Assessment

recalls actual food and beverage consumption for the past 24 hr or the preceding day

24-Dietary Recall

for assessment of usual meal patterns and details of food intake of an individual

Diet History

a preprinted list of foods on which subjects are asked to estimate the frequency and very often also the amount of habitual consumption during a specified period

Food Frequency Questionnaire

biochemical indicators measured in biological specimens

Biomarkers of intake

Monitors the progress of improvements in the country with the money borrowed from them

World Bank

created as the country’s policy-making and coordinating body on nutrition

National Nutrition Council

Nutrition Month

July

PD that established the National Nutrition Council

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 491 (1974) - NUTRITION ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Code that informs the public about the proper use of breastmilk substitutes and supplements and related products

EXECUTIVE ORDER 51 (1986) - MILK CODE

designed to prevent businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices; Nutrition Facts labels

REPUBLIC ACT 7394 (1992) - “CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES"

to encourage the practice of breastfeeding

REPUBLIC ACT 7600 (1992) - “THE ROOMING-IN AND BREASTFEEDING ACT”

Contribute to the elimination of the micronutrient malnutrition in the country, particularly iodine deficiency disorders, through cost-effective preventive measure of salt iodization

REPUBLIC ACT 8172 (1995) - “ACT FOR SALT IODIZATION NATIONWIDE (ASIN LAW)

Goiter is caused by _____ deficiency

iodine

The program shall consist of (1) Voluntary Food Fortification and (2) Mandatory Food Fortification.

REPUBLIC ACT 8976 (2000) - “FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT”

Meaning of SPSP

Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program

The National Food Fortification Day is observed annually on ____________, pursuant to EO _____.

November 7; 382

responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the law

Department of Health (DOH)

serves as the policy-making body, particularly relative to determining what food vehicles should be fortified and with what nutrients

National Nutrition Council

assists manufacturers in upgrading their technologies by providing financial assistance and other non-monetary assistance

Department of Trade and Industry

helps in developing and implementing comprehensive programs for the acquisition, design, and manufacture of machines and technologies and their transfer to manufacturers

Department of Science and Technology

assist manufacturers by providing preferential loans at preferential rates

Land Bank of the Philippines and Livelihood Corporation

An act strengthening and rationalizing the regulatory capacity of the bureau of food and drugs BFAD by establishing adequate testing laboratories and field offices.

REPUBLIC ACT 9711 (2008) - “FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION ACT”

An act expanding the promotion of breastfeeding, amending for the purpose republic act no. 7600; lactation stations

REPUBLIC ACT 10028 (2009) - “EXPANDED BREASTFEEDING PROMOTION ACT”

The framework for implementing the farm to fork Food Safety Regulatory System; To strengthen the food safety regulatory system in the country

REPUBLIC ACT 10611 (2013) - “FOOD SAFETY ACT”

a yearly campaign in the Philippines aimed at the importance of safe and clean food. The week-long celebration falls every October and was proclaimed on August 1999 by virtue of Proclamation No. 160, signed by President Joseph Estrada

Food Safety Awareness Week

Recognizes the important role of registered nutritionist-dietitians (RNDs) in nation building and in human development through adequate nutrition

REPUBLIC ACT 10862 (2015) - “NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LAW OF 2016”

Strengthens the national and local health and nutrition programs for pregnant and lactating women, adolescent girls, infants and young children in the first 1,000 days “Scaling up”

REPUBLIC ACT 11148 (2018) - “KALUSUGAN AT NUTRISYON NG MAG-NANAY ACT”

seeks to impose a PhP10. 00 excise tax per liter of volume capacity on SSBs containing purely locally produced sugar and PhP20; Excise tax on sweetened beverages (SBs)

TRAIN LAW AND TAX ON SUGAR

aims to provide guidance to nutrition stakeholders at the national and local levels, including government agencies, development partners, nongovernment organizations and civil society, academe, and other partner organizations and institutions on the conduct of high-impact activities and strategies

Strategic Plan of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) Research Agenda 2022-2028

Meaning of PPAN

Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition

uses a food plate model to show the recommended proportion of each food group in each meal for the various population and physiological groups

Pinggang Pinoy

Created Pinggang Pinoy

FNRI-DOST

Unit 4 LEC: NUTRITION AND PUBLIC HEALTH Flashcards

(108 cards)