Unit 4: Linear Momentum

Question 1

What is the definition of linear momentum?

Answer 1

Linear momentum is the product of an object’s mass and its velocity, defined as p = mv.

Question 2

What is the formula for linear momentum?

Answer 2

The formula for linear momentum is p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity.

Question 3

True or False: Momentum is a scalar quantity.

Answer 3

False: Momentum is a vector quantity.

Question 4

What is the principle of conservation of momentum?

Answer 4

The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

Question 5

In a collision, what remains constant if no external forces are acting?

Answer 5

The total linear momentum of the system remains constant.

Question 6

What is the unit of momentum in the SI system?

Answer 6

The unit of momentum in the SI system is kg·m/s.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The change in momentum is equal to the ___ applied to an object times the time duration.

Answer 7

force

Question 8

What is the impulse-momentum theorem?

Answer 8

The impulse-momentum theorem states that the impulse on an object is equal to the change in its momentum: J = Δp.

Question 9

If a 2 kg object is moving at 3 m/s, what is its momentum?

Answer 9

The momentum is 6 kg·m/s.

Question 10

In a perfectly elastic collision, what is conserved?

Answer 10

Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

Question 11

What happens to momentum in an inelastic collision?

Answer 11

Momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not conserved.

Question 12

True or False: In a perfectly inelastic collision, objects stick together after the collision.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the formula for impulse?

Answer 13

Impulse is given by J = FΔt, where J is impulse, F is force, and Δt is the time duration.

Question 14

What does the area under a force vs. time graph represent?

Answer 14

The area under a force vs. time graph represents impulse.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The momentum of an object can be increased by increasing its ___ or its ___ .

Answer 15

mass; velocity

Question 16

What is a key characteristic of an elastic collision?

Answer 16

In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

Question 17

In a two-body collision, if one object has a mass of 4 kg and is moving at 2 m/s while the second object has a mass of 2 kg and is at rest, what is the total momentum before the collision?

Answer 17

The total momentum is 8 kg·m/s.

Question 18

What is the effect of external forces on momentum?

Answer 18

External forces can change the momentum of an object.

Question 19

What is the total momentum of a system of objects before and after a collision in the absence of external forces?

Answer 19

The total momentum of the system remains the same before and after the collision.

Question 20

True or False: A net force acting on an object will result in a change in its momentum.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the relationship between impulse and momentum?

Answer 21

Impulse is equal to the change in momentum.

Question 22

What happens to the momentum of a system when two objects collide and stick together?

Answer 22

The momentum of the system is conserved.

Question 23

What is the formula for calculating the final velocity of two objects colliding in a perfectly inelastic collision?

Answer 23

The formula is (m₁v₁ + m₂v₂) / (m₁ + m₂).

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The momentum of an object is a vector quantity that depends on both its ___ and ___ .

Answer 24

mass; velocity

Question 25

What is the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at a velocity of 4 m/s?

Answer 25

The momentum is 20 kg·m/s.

Question 26

What type of collision conserves kinetic energy?

Answer 26

An elastic collision conserves kinetic energy.

Question 27

True or False: Momentum can be transferred from one object to another during a collision.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the effect of increasing the mass of an object on its momentum if velocity remains constant?

Answer 28

Increasing the mass of an object increases its momentum.

Question 29

What is the equation for calculating momentum in a two-object system before and after a collision?

Answer 29

p_initial = p_final, or m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v_1f + m₂v_2f.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: During an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy before the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy ___ the collision.

Answer 30

after

Question 31

What happens to momentum if two objects collide elastically?

Answer 31

Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

Question 32

In an inelastic collision, what happens to kinetic energy?

Answer 32

Kinetic energy is not conserved; some is transformed into other forms of energy.

Question 33

What is the definition of impulse?

Answer 33

Impulse is the change in momentum resulting from a force applied over a period of time.

Question 34

What does a larger impulse indicate about the force applied?

Answer 34

A larger impulse indicates that a greater force was applied or that the force was applied over a longer time.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: If two objects collide and one is initially at rest, the total momentum after the collision can be calculated using the ___ of both objects.

Answer 35

masses and velocities

Question 36

What is the momentum of a 10 kg object moving at 0.5 m/s?

Answer 36

The momentum is 5 kg·m/s.

Question 37

What is the significance of a momentum vector's direction?

Answer 37

The direction of the momentum vector indicates the direction of the object's motion.

Question 38

True or False: Momentum can be negative.

Answer 38

True: Momentum can be negative if the object is moving in the opposite direction.

Question 39

What is the equation for momentum in terms of impulse?

Answer 39

p = J/Δt, where J is impulse and Δt is the time duration.

Question 40

What are the two types of collisions in physics?

Answer 40

Elastic collisions and inelastic collisions.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The law of conservation of momentum applies to ___ systems.

Answer 41

closed

Question 42

What is the total momentum of a system if two objects, each with a mass of 3 kg, collide and come to rest?

Answer 42

The total momentum is 0 kg·m/s.

Question 43

What is the effect of a net external force on a system's momentum?

Answer 43

A net external force will change the momentum of the system.

Question 44

What is the formula for calculating the momentum of a system of two colliding objects?

Answer 44

p_total = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂.

Question 45

True or False: The impulse experienced by an object is equal to the force applied to it multiplied by the time duration.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

What happens to momentum during a perfectly elastic collision?

Answer 46

Momentum is conserved, and kinetic energy is also conserved.

Question 47

Fill in the blank: In a collision, if one object has twice the mass of another, its momentum will also be ___ if both have the same velocity.

Answer 47

twice as much

Question 48

What is the result of a perfectly inelastic collision?

Answer 48

The objects stick together after the collision, and momentum is conserved.

Question 49

What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions regarding kinetic energy?

Answer 49

In elastic collisions, kinetic energy is conserved; in inelastic collisions, it is not.

Question 50

What is the total momentum of a 4 kg object moving at 6 m/s and a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s?

Answer 50

The total momentum is 30 kg·m/s.

Question 51

What does the term 'conservation of momentum' imply?

Answer 51

It implies that in the absence of external forces, the total momentum of a closed system remains constant.