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Sectional Anatomy > Unit 4-Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Unit 4-Lower Extremity Flashcards

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1
Q

What direction does the femoral neck extend from the head?

A

Extends infero-laterally from the head

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2
Q

What direction does the superior portion of the greater trochanter project in relation to the head of the femur?

A

The superior portion of the greater trochanter projects above the neck and curves slightly posteriorly and medially

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3
Q

T/F

The femur provides attachments for several muscles of the gluteal region.

A

True

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4
Q

What is the site of insertion for the tendon of the iliopsoas muscle?

A

The lesser trochanter of the femur

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5
Q

What is the prominent ridge extending posteriorly between the trochanters at the base of the neck?

A

intertrochanteric crest

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6
Q

Where is the the lesser trochanter located?

A

At the medial portion of the proximal shaft

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7
Q

What is the gluteal tuberosity an attachment site for?

A

The gluteal tuberosity is an attachment site for the gluteus maximus muscle

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8
Q

What four muscles make up the Anterior Thigh Compartment?

A
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Sartorius
  3. Quadriceps Femoris
  4. Tensor Fascia Latae

Act to flex the hip joint & extend the knee joint

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9
Q

In what direction does the Psoas muscle travel within the pelvis?

A

Psoas muscle courses inferiorly within the pelvis under the inguinal ligament to enter the anterior compartment of the thigh.

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10
Q

What muscle is located directly anterior to the head of the femur?

A

Iliopsoas

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11
Q

What does the tendon of the psoas join with to pass anterior to the hip and insert at the lesser trochanter?

A

Tendon of the psoas joins the tendon of the iliacus muscle to pass anterior to the hip and insert at the lesser trochanter

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12
Q

What area of the pelvis does the Iliacus arise from?

A

iliac fossa

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13
Q

Where is the Iliacus located in relation to the PSOAS muscle in the pelvis?

A

Loacted on the lateral aspect of the PSOAS in the pelvis?

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14
Q

T/F

The Iliopsoas is more deep at the proximal end

A

False; The Iliopsoas is more superficial at the proximal end

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15
Q

What is the most superficial muscle located at the proximal end of the femur?

A

Sartorius

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16
Q

T/F

The Sartorius is the longest muscle

A

True

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17
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Sartorius muscle?

A

Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia.

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18
Q

In what direction does the Sartorius muscle run?

A

Runs in a supero-lateral to infero-medial direction.

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19
Q

What is the Quadriceps Femoris made of?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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20
Q

What do the inferior tendons of the Quadriceps Femoris join to form? What do they turn into? At what structure?

A

All inferior tendons merge to form the quadriceps tendon that courses over the patella and continues as the patellar ligament of the knee

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21
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus femoris?

A

AIIS

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22
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus lateralis?

A

Greater trochanter

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23
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus medialis?

A

Intertrochanteric line

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24
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus intermedius?

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur

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25
# What muscle is this describing? Short, thick, tear drop shaped muscle
Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)
26
Where is the Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL) located?
Located on the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, enclosed between two layers of fascia
27
What is the origin and inserton of the Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)?
Origin: ASIS and the anterior part of the iliac crest Insertion: iliotibial (IT) band
28
What is the insertion of the gluetus maximus?
iliotibial (IT) band
29
# What is this describing? Wide band of fascia that lies over the muscles on the outer surface of the thigh
IT band
30
What is the origin and insertion of the IT band?
Origin: tendinous fibers of the TFL and the gluteus maximus Insertion: lateral condyle of the tibia
31
What muscle is deep to the lateralis?
intermedius
32
What is the Intermedius is covered by anteriorly?
Intermedius is covered by the rectus femoris anteriorly
33
What 3 muscles make up the Posterior Thigh Compartment?
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris
34
What is the origin and insertion of the Semitendinosus?
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial side of the anterior tibial surface
35
In what direction does the Semitendinosus travel on the thigh?
posteromedial aspect of the thigh
36
What is the origin and insertion of the Semimembranosus?
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial condyle of the tibia
37
What are the origins of the Biceps Femoris? (short and long head)
Long head: originates at ischial tuberosity Short head: femoral shaft
38
What is the insertion of the Biceps Femoris?
lateral surface of the fibular head
39
In what direction does the biceps femoris extend in relation to the knee?
Extends inferiorly and over the lateral part of the posterior surface of the knee
40
What structures are located within the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?
Nerve Artery Vein Empty Space Lymph (most medial) | (NAVEL)
41
What do the structures in the femoral traingle travel under?
Passes under the inguinal ligament
42
Where is the femoral artery located posteriorly in relation to the muscles around it?
Anterior to the PSOAS portion of the iliopsoas complex
43
Within the femoral triangle what does the femoral artery give rise to on the posterolateral aspect?
Femoral artery gives rise to a large artery (profunda femoris)
44
What area of the thigh does the femoral artery supply blood to? What does it travel through?
The femoral artery continues down the anterior aspect of the thigh, via a tunnel known as the adductor canal -Supplies blood to the anterior thigh muscles
45
Where does the adductor canal end?
adductor hiatus
46
At what point does the femoral artery turn into the popliteal artery?
As it enters the adductor hiatus, through the posterior compartment of the thigh, proximal to the knee.  
47
How can you tell the difference between the veins and the arteries in the lower extremities?
By determining which vessels are contrast filled. Once you indenity one vessel, the rest that are contrast filled will be of the same vessel.
48
Once the popliteal vein travels superiorly though the adductor hiatus, what is it called?
The femoral vein
49
Where is the femoral vein initially seen in relation to the femoral artery?
It is initially seen anteriorly, and lateral to the femoral artery
50
# T/F At the distal femur, the vein is more lateral to the artery
True
51
What does the femoral vein turn into?
external iliac vein
52
When the femoral vein leaves the thigh, what strucutre does it run posteriorily to?
Runs posterior to the inguinal ligament
53
What does the Great Saphenous Vein originate from?
venous vasculature of the foot
54
# T/F The Great saphenous vein travels superiorly up the lateral aspect of the leg, passing anteriorly to the lateral malleolus at the ankle, and anteriorly to the lateral condyle at the knee.
False; Travels superiorly up the **medial** aspect of the leg, passing anteriorly to the **medial malleolus** at the ankle, and posteriorly to the **medial condyle** at the knee
55
# T/F As the great saphenous vein moves up the leg, it receives tributaries from other small superficial veins
True
56
Where does the great saphenous vein drain into?
Drains into the femoral vein
57
At what level does the great saphenous vein drain into the femoral vein?
immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament (femoral triangle).
58
Posterioly, what are the medial and lateral condyles of femur seperated by?
Posteriorly, they are separated by the intercondylar fossa
59
# T/F The medial side soft tissue of the knee tends to be meatier
True
60
Where is the base of the patella?
Proximal
61
What are the 2 facets of the patella and what are they seperated by?
Medial and lateral articular facets seperated by a by a prominent vertical ridge
62
What are the superior articular surface of both condyles of the tibia called?
tibial plateaus
63
What are the tibial plateus seperated by?
intercondylar eminence/tibial spine
64
What are the two peaks of the intercondylar eminence called?
medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles
65
What are the attatchments for the Intercondylar tubercles and the roughened area around them?
Cruciate ligaments and the meniscus
66
What is the small articular surface on the lateral tibial condyle called?
Articular fibular surface
67
What does the articular fibular surface articulate with?
Articulates with the head of the fibula
68
What ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity?
Patellar ligament
69
What is the attachment site for the IT band?
A roughened area of the lateral tibial condyle called Gerdy’s tubercle
70
What is the shallow indentation on the lateral side of the distal tibia
Fibular notch
71
# T/F The great saphenous vein is on the medial side of the knee
True
72
What is the menisci located between?
Located between the femoral condyles and the tibial plateaus
73
What are the two landmarks located on the menisci?
Divided into anterior and posterior horns
74
# T/F The medial meniscus is crescent shaped and bigger
True
75
# T/F Lateral meniscus almost forms a closed ring
True
76
# T/F The Menisci have an oval shape
False;Menisci have wedge shape
77
How do you tell the difference between the L and R anterior cruciate ligament?
Find out the side of the knee by holding up the hand that lines up with the ACL. Whichever hand that is, that will show you the right or left cruciate ligament. That will show you the direction of the ANTERIOR CRUTIATE LIGAMENT
78
# T/F The lateral malleolus travels more medially than the medial malleolus of the tibia.
False; Lateral malleolus travels more distally than the medial malleolus of the tibia.
79
What does the Gastrocnemius arise from?
Arising from the medial and lateral femoral condyles
80
What does the fibers of the Gastrocnemius join to form?
The soleus
81
What does the soleus muscle form?
The achillies tendon
82
# T/F The soleus is located deep to the gastrocnemius
True
83
What bony anatomy does the soleus arise from?
The posterior tibia and the upper third of the fibula

Sectional Anatomy (19 decks)

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