Unit 4 Part 3 And 4 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is the cultural domain in personality psychology?
A set of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviours shared by a group and passed down generations.
What is enculturation?
The process through which individuals acquire their native culture, typically early in life.
What does WEIRD stand for?
Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic.
Name the three major approaches to personality across cultures.
Evoked culture, transmitted culture, cultural universals.
What is evoked culture?
Culture-specific responses triggered by environmental conditions.
Give an example of evoked culture.
Cooperative food sharing among hunter-gatherers under high food variance.
What is transmitted culture?
Ideas, values, and beliefs passed from one mind to another through interaction.
What’s an example of a culturally relative moral belief?
In some cultures, combing hair during a thunderstorm is considered wrong.
What’s an example of a moral belief shared across cultures?
Killing without cause is widely considered wrong.
What is individualism?
Emphasis on personal independence and self-reliance.
What is collectivism?
Emphasis on group goals, community, and interdependence.
How do individualists describe themselves?
Using internal traits like “smart” or “open-minded”.
How do collectivists describe themselves?
Using social roles like “I am a daughter”.
How do individualists explain events?
Analytically, focusing on isolated causes.
How do collectivists explain events?
Holistically, considering context.
What kind of emotions do collectivists report more?
Other-focused emotions like sympathy.
What kind of emotions do individualists report more?
Self-focused emotions like anger.
What criticism is made about collectivism vs. individualism?
The dichotomy is overly simplistic; cultures vary in degree.
What did McCrae’s cross-cultural study find?
Similar Big Five personality profiles across 50 cultures.
What is the Five-Factor Model?
A personality model including traits like openness and emotional stability.
What model adds a sixth personality dimension?
HEXACO model.
Name the three types of learning in social learning theory.
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning.
Who developed the Social Learning Theory?
Albert Bandura.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through consequences: reinforcement or punishment.
