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Microbiology Final > Unit 4 Part 8: Introduction to fungi of medical importance > Flashcards

Unit 4 Part 8: Introduction to fungi of medical importance Flashcards

1
Q

is fungi usually considered more or less dangerous then bacteria and viruses

A

less

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2
Q

does fungi usually cause disease in healthy people

A

rarely

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3
Q

what is fungi commonly used in (3)

A

medicine
food and beverage production
biotechnology

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4
Q

what 2 conditions promote fungal growth

A

darkness and moisture

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5
Q

are fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes

A

eukaryotes

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6
Q

what are single celled fungi called?

what are multi-cell fungi called

A

single celled: yeasts

multi-cell: molds

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7
Q

what term is given to pathogenic fungi that alter between both single and multi-cell forms

A

dimorphic fungi

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8
Q

dimoprhic fungi are considered

A

true pathogens

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9
Q

what dimorphic fungi causes histopalsmosis in humans

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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10
Q

what organ does histoplama usually invovle

A

lungs

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11
Q

where does histoplasma usually grow

A

as mold in the soil and yeast in animal and human hosts (temperatue dependent)

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12
Q

2 features of opportunistic fungi

A

low virulence

typically pathogenic to immunocompromised hosts

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13
Q

do dimorphic or opportunistic fungi usually have geographic distribution

A

dimorphic

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14
Q

what is the study of medical mycology

A

study of fungi that cuase human disease

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15
Q

what is another term of fungal diseases

A

mycoases

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16
Q

what is the classification of mycoses based on

A

level of tissue involvemnet

mechanism by which the fungi enter the body

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17
Q

what are the two sources of fungus

A

endogenous and exogenous

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18
Q

what is the classification of endogenous pathogens

A

opportunistic

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19
Q

what is the source of endogenous opportunistic fungal infections

A

latogenic (means medical treatment)

(e.g. indwelling lines, catheters, etc.)

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20
Q

exogenous fungal infections that can be classified as superficial, cutaneous or subcutaneous are usually caused by

A

trauma

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21
Q

exogenous fungal infections that are classified as systemic or opportunistic are often caused by

A

inhalation

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22
Q

superficial mycoses usually infects what area of the body

A

outermost layer of the skin and hair, they do not invade living tissues

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23
Q

what type of mycoses is tinea capitis

A

superficial mycoses

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24
Q

what is tinea capitis

A

syperficial mycoses

infection of the hair follicles on the scalp and eyebrows

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25
what are the S&S of superficial mycoses
itching redness crusted lesions scaly scalp
26
what is the MR of superficial mycoses
humans
27
what is the modes of transmission for superficial mycoses
sharing/contact with contaminated articles or self-infection
28
what's another term for cutaneous mycoses
dermatophytoses
29
where do fungi colonize in cutaneous mycoses
skin, hair and nails
30
do cutaneous mycoses have greater invasive properties than those causeing superfical mycoses
yes
31
what are the S&S of cutaneous mycoses
itchy | red roudn or oval lesions/rash, which may peel off the edges around the center fading
32
what are 3 examples of cutaneous mycoses
ringworm atlehtes foot jock itch
33
what is the MR for cutaneous mycoses
humans soil animals
34
what is the MT for cutaneous mycoses
PTP via | contact such as the shower floor or sharing contaminated hat or towel
35
other than humans what else can transfer cutaneous mycoses to humans
animal | soil
36
for subcutaneous mycoses how do fungi surive in the subcutaneous layers
produce proteolytic enzymes and maintaing a facultative microaerophilic environment
37
what is an example of a subcutaneous mycoses
sporotrichosis
38
where do subcutaneous mycoses often infect
arms and hands
39
what are the S&S of subcutaneous mycoses
numerous nodules abscesses ulcerative lesions tha develop along the lympahtics (original site drains into lymph nodes)
40
what is the MR for subcutaneous mycoses
soil and decaying vegetation
41
what is the MT for subcutaneous mycsoses
indirect transmission e.g. by punctures
42
fungi are said to be ________ in that they can obtain nutrietns from decomposing dead organic matter
saprophytes
43
systemic mycoses are caused by
disseminated fungal infections of deep tissues and/or organs
44
what are the most servious and potentially life-threatening type of mycoses for elderly and immunocompromised
systemic mycoses
45
where do systemic mycoses usually begin
infections of the respiratory tract
46
what is the MR for systemic mycoses
soil | birds and bats droppings increase nitrogen levels in soil that promote growth of theses fungi
47
what is the MT of systemic mycsoes
airborne inhalation of fungal spores
48
what is the causative agent of the systemic mycoses blastomycosis
blastomyces dermatitidis
49
what are the S & S of blastomycosis
flu-like symptoms that vary in degree dependent on how far it spreads
50
where does blastomycosis originate
in the lungs then spread to parts of the body usch as skin, bones, joints and the CNS
51
what is the IP for blastomycosis
30-45 days
52
what are they signs and symptoms of the systemic opportunistic mycoses pneumocystis pneumonia
``` fever mild/dry cough SOB fatigue weight loss Chest Pain ```
53
what is one of the most frequent and severe opportunistic systemic mycoses infections in the immunocompromised
pneumocystis pneumonia
54
what opportunistic mycoses is found in 70-80% of HIV+ patients
pneumocystis pneumonia
55
what is the MR and MT of pneumocysiti pneumonia
unknown believed to be spread by PTP via direct contact
56
what is the IP in pneumocystis pneumonia
3-12 weeks
57
what is the opportunisitc mycoses: candidiasis (thrush)
infections of the mucous membranes of oral caivity and genital tract - creamy white lesions
58
what is the causaitve agent of candidiasis
candida albicans
59
what is the major resevoir for thrush
humans, candida is part of our normal biota
60
what is the treatment for thrush
anti-fungal drugs such as nystatin mouthwash (oral thursh) | miconazole cream/suppository for Vaginal thrush
61
what does candida mean
white - white colonies and white lesions
62
what are risk factors for thrush
high estrogen levels low progesterone levels less competeion from mutualistic microbiota e.g broad spectrum antibiotics and chemo diabetes
63
what is the symptoms of VVC (vaginal thrush)
``` extreme itch dysuria thick discharge vaginal discomfort soreness burning swelling ```
64
what is the discharge for vaginal thrush
cottage cheese
65
what are the symptoms of BV
``` odor itch discharge soreness bruning ```
66
what is the discharge for BV
thin,milky, fishy smelling
67
what are the symptoms for trichomoinaiasis (STI)
``` odor itch discharge soreness could be asymptomatic ```
68
what is the discharge for trichominasis
frothy gray or yellow/green foul odor
69
trichomoniasis clinical features
strawberry cervix small red or purple spots from bleeding under the skin swelling
70
out of VVC, BV and trichomoniasis which one results in a positive KOH "whiff" test
trichomoniasis
71
the opporunistic mycoses crytococcosis infects what
infection of lungs, meninges and/or skin
72
what is the causative agent of the opportunist mycoses cryptococcosis
``` cryptococcus neoformans (CN) & cryptococcus gatti (CG) ```
73
what is the MR for cryptococcosis
environment, particularly trees, decaying woods, soils and bird droppings
74
what is the MT for cryptococcosis
airborne/aerosols - inhalation of fungalspores
75
what are the S & S of cryptococcosis
``` prolonged cough SOB headace vomiting fever weight loss ```
76
cryptococcosis can lead to what
pneumonia or meningtisi
77
what are nosocomial mycoses
outbreaks of mycoses in health care settings: airborne and construction related: airborne and construction-related
78
what is the most common nosocomial mycoses
aspergilus aka "black mold"
79
what is mycotoxicoses
fungal disease caused by ingestion of fungal toxins (mycotoxins)
80
aflatoxins caused by aspergilus (black mold) can cause what
liver damage and cancer
81
what is sick building syndrome
a condition affecting office workers, typically marked by headaches and respiratory problems attributed to unhealthy or stressful factors in the working environment such as poor ventilation
82
what have been raised as possible causes of SBS
fungi and mycotoxins
83
what type of symptoms cause sick builiding syndrome
allergy-like syndrome
84
what are the toxic effects of aflatoxins
hepatotoxicity bile duct hyperplasia intestinal and renal hemorrhage liver tumors
85
what are the two main mycotoxicoses causing agents
aflatoxins | trichothecenes
86
what are the toxic effects of trichotheceencenes
``` vomiting diarrhea bleeding dyspnea itching rash blisters leukopenia ```
87
what are type 1 HS
type 1 hypersensitivity | symptoms similar to hay fever and food allergy
88
what is type 3 HS
woodworkers lung due to repeated exposure to allergins in wood pulp and dust
89
what are the risk factors for allergy/hypersensitivity to fungi
genetic predisposition excess humidity tightly sealed and insulated homes building leaks lack of maintenance on air conditioners etc occupation hazard e.g. those who work in the mill

Microbiology Final (6 decks)

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