Unit 4: Research Problems, Questions and Hypotheses

Question 1

research problem

Answer 1

is perplexing or troubling condition- the purpose of disciplined research is to “solve” the problem-or contribute to the solution - by accumulating relevant information

Question 2

problem statement

Answer 2

articulates the problem to be addressed

Question 3

research questions

Answer 3

are specific queries researchers want to answer addressing a research problem
guide the types of data to be collected in the study

Question 4

hypotheses

Answer 4

are tested empirically. - a predication usually a statement of predicted relationship between variables

Question 5

statement of purpose

Answer 5

is the researchers summary of the overall goal

|&raquo_space; identify several specific research aims or objectives

Question 6

objectives include

Answer 6

obtaining answers to research questions but may also encompasses come broader aims

Question 7

quantitative studies

Answer 7

usually involves concept that are well developed, about which there is an existing body of literature, and for which reliable methods of measurement have been developed

Question 8

use some aspects of a phenomenon is poorly understood, and the researcher wants to develop a rich, comprehensive and context bound understanding of it

Answer 8

qualitative study

Question 9

sources of research problems

Answer 9

clinical experiences
nursing literature
social issues
theories
ideas from external courses

Question 10

development and refinement of research problems

Answer 10

is a creative process start with interesting of broad topic area, then develop the topic into a specific researchable problem

Question 11

problem statement for quantitative study

Answer 11

is an expression of a dilemma of disturbing situation that need investigation
> identifies the nature of the problem that is being addressed
should be board enough to include central concerns but narrow enough in scope

Question 12

problem statement qualitative study

Answer 12

expresses the nature of the problem, its context and significance
>are embedded in a particular research tradition generally generally incorporate terms and concepts int he problem statement that foreshadow their tradition if inquiry
examples problem statement for phenomenological study might note the need to know more about the people experience
ethnographer might indicate the desire to describe how cultural forces affect people behavior

Question 13

statement of purpose

Answer 13

the purpose statement captures in a sentence or two essence of the study and establishes the general direction of the inquiry
» purpose or goal words such as “aim” or “objective”

Question 14

statement of purpose in a quantitative study

Answer 14

well worded statement of purpose identifies the study and their possible interrelationship as well as the population interest
> suggest the nature of the inquiry through their selection of verbs

Question 15

statement of purpose in a qualitative study

Answer 15

use verbs in their statement of purpose that suggest how they sought to solve the problem, or what the state of knowledge on a topic is
> may also imply flexible design through the use of verbs such as understand or discover

Question 16

buzz words for grounded thoery

Answer 16

social structure, social interaction

Question 17

phenomenological studies

Answer 17

experiences, lived experience, meaning, essence

Question 18

ethnographic studies

Answer 18

culture roles, myths cultural behavior.

Question 19

research question

Answer 19

usually are direct re-wording of statement purposes, that phrased in interrogatively rather than declarative

Question 20

research question in a quantitative study

Answer 20

identify the key variables , the relationships among them, and the population under study

Question 21

research question in a qualitative study

Answer 21

differ in the type of questions they believe to be important,
> grounded theory ask process question
> phenomenological tend to ask meaning questions
> ethnographers generally ask descriptive questions about culture
>evolve over the course of the study
>question is flexible

Question 22

research hypothesis quantitative research

Answer 22

translate research question to a statement
hypothesis sometimes emerge from a theory
>t he availability of a theory can be evaluated through hypothesis testing
>theory gains support if hypotheses are confirmed
> the use of hypothesis in quantitative studies tends to induce critical thinking and, hence, to facilitate interpretation of the data

Question 23

true or false hypothesis exist in a qualitative study

Answer 23

false

Question 24

characteristics of testable hypothesis

Answer 24

testable research hypothesis state the expected relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable within a population
>should be based on justifiable rationale

Question 25

wording hypothesis

Answer 25

identify independent variable, the dependent variable and the anticipated relationship > worded in present tense >directional or non directional >

Question 26

complex hypothesis

Answer 26

predict relationship between two or more independent variable or two or more dependent variable

Question 27

directional hypothesis

Answer 27

is one thatspecifies not only existence but also the expected direction of the relationship between variable

Question 28

non directional hypothesis

Answer 28

no not stipulate the direction of the relationship

Question 29

true or false: hypothesis based on theory are usually non directional

Answer 29

false -- they are directional because theories provide a rationale for expecting variables to relate in a certain way

Question 30

research hypotheis

Answer 30

are statement of actual expected relationship between variables

Question 31

null hypotheses

Answer 31

state there is no relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable

Question 32

hypothesis are proved or disproved?

Answer 32

false they are accepted or rejected

Question 33

critiquing the substance of research problem

Answer 33

1. implication for nursing practice 2. extension of knowledge base 3. promotion of theory development 4. correspondence to research priorities >> must consider whether the research problem was meaningfully based on prior research, has a relationship to a theoretical context, address a current research priority, and, most importantly , can contribute useful evidence for nursing practice

Question 34

critiquing research problems, research question and hypothesis

Answer 34

1. what is the research problem? 2. does the problem have significance to nursing 3. is there a good fit between the research problem and the paradigm within the research was conducted 4. does the report formally present a statement of purpose, research question, and/ or hypotheses 5. are purpose statement of question worded appropriate 6. if there is no formal hypothesis, is their absence justifiable 7. do hypothesis flow from a theory or previous research? is there a justifiable basis for the prediction Are, hypothesis properly worded

Question 35

1. The research question, “What is the decision-making process among multidisciplinary team members who seek to actively provide clients with hope?” is: A Most likely to be addressed using a qualitative approach B Most likely to be addressed using a quantitative approach C Not a researchable question D Poorly worded

Answer 35

A

Question 36

``` 2. Which of the following is not a major source of ideas for research problems: A Experience B Literature C Social issues D The professional code of ethics ```

Answer 36

D

Question 37

``` 3. The hypothesis, “A person’s emotional status is not affected by a reelection to a continuing care institution” is: A Null B Not correctly worded C Directional complex D Complex ```

Answer 37

A

Question 38

A research problem is a situation involving an enigmatic or disturbing situation amenable to disciplined inquiry. A True B False

Answer 38

A

Question 39

``` 6. Hypothesis derived from theory are almost always: A Null B Simple C Directional D Complex ```

Answer 39

C

Question 40

``` 7. The hypothesis, “ Children who have a stay at home parent are more likely to achieve a high score on the Sense of Well-being Inventory” is: A Null B Directional C Non-directional D Incorrectly worded ```

Answer 40

B

Question 41

8. A research hypothesis indicates the expected relationship between: A The independent and the dependent variable B The research objective and the research outcome C The statistical testing and the null hypothesis D The conceptual framework and the operational definitions

Answer 41

A

Question 42

10. The following is a directional hypothesis: “The fewer the hobbies an retired person has the more likely he or she is to score high on a depression scale.” A True B False

Answer 42

A