Unit 4 Test Flashcards
(40 cards)
Demographics of Cotton Kingdom
Lower south part of US (sc-Texas) where cotton was produced fast and supplied 3/4 of world, cotton gin and they did all plantin and field work and slavery increased, more shipped through second middle passage The Louisiana Purchase and the annexation of Texas as a slave state helped to expand the Cotton Kingdom. Politically, cotton became the foundation of southern control of the Democratic Party.
Nat Turner Uprising
Slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in which blacks killed whites, resulted in fear and stricter laws for blacks, most important motive was his hatred of slavery and the suffering his people had to endure. Also, Turner thought it was God’s will for him to lead a great uprising, said that God spoke to him and told him how to and when to commit this slave revolt.
Pro Slavery Arguments
- Would be better off with white families would have food and shelter
- white superiority
- In the bible and other societies in past (natural part)
- would destroy economy
- cheaper to employ slaves
The Growth of Slavery
Due to the cotton gin more production of cotton (more slaves) and we gained more land and problems with whether slave states or free (second middle passage: Resulted in massive numbers of Africans being transported to America as slaves. The “Second Middle Passage” is a phrase coined to refer to the mass movement westward of slaves from the southern United States.
Social Structure of Old South
- Slave owners
- Yeomen - nonslave, land (plain folk)
- Rednecks/hillbillies - live on land but don’t own
- Free Blacks (250,000)
- Slaves
* many didn’t own slaves because they were expensive and cotton lower south and tobacco/corn/rice upper south
Life as a Slave
- were whipped as a form of “coercion” and punishment (best method)
- paternalism: fed slaves to live longer so they didn’t have to buy more
- whites felt good about slavery since they wouldn’t rebel
- married within but not officially fear if separation
Wilmot Proviso
Banned slavery from all land gained or acquired by Mexico because Mexico didn’t have slavery, didn’t pass in senate but yes in house (house divided)
Compromise of 1850
- California=free state
- New Mexico and Utah would decide using popular sovereignty
- Texas got $10M for lost NM territory
- ended slave trade in DC but enacted fugitive slave law
Free soil movement and free labor ideal
Opposed the expansion of slavery into western territories, Northern free labor system was superior to that of the southern system. The southern labor system Incorporated slave labor. The Republic ideology of 1852 placed free labor at its center.
Kansas Nebraska Act
- Revoked Missouri compromise •Made Nebraska and Kansas determine by popular sovereignty
- Facilitate building of transcontinental rr (Douglas-needed a way to convince south to facilitate for rr so revoking mi compromise would do it)
Realignment of Political Parties
Whigs: we’re becoming amongst themselves due to slavery and had bad luck in elections
Democrats: country’s only national party after Whigs were gone, supported pop sovereignty but almost ruined them
Know Nothing’s: formed due to immigration and they were against immigration (Catholics Irish and German)
Republican: new anti slavery and provoked by the Kansas Nebraska Act-attempted to unite all those who opposed expansion of slavery (from all parties)
All mainly provoked by Kansas Nebraska act
Bleeding Kansas
Proslavery and free-state settlers flooded into Kansas to try to influence the decision of it being free or slave (new englanders and Missouri) . Violence soon erupted as both factions fought for control
Dred Scott Decision
Black slave purchased by master who would travel to free states with him and he thought he could be free because he traveled to those free states and took to court but they denied because he wasn’t a citizen and said Missouri compromise was unconstitutional
Abraham Lincoln’s views on slavery
Thought it was morally wrong, didn’t want expansion of slavery, lincoln thought blacks shouldn’t had same rights as whites, said it was allowed by constitution and viewed goal as unachievable
John Brown’s Raid in Harper Ferry
First time a white man fought for black slaves, south became more suspicious about north attacking them, attempt by john brown to start armed slave revolt to seize us ships
Election of 1860
Lincoln won the election against John Breckinridge (dem-split in two) John Bell (constitutional union party-didn't want slavery platform) and Stephen Douglas (other dem-split because if didn't want federal slave codes) and he won 40% pop but won in electoral because free states had more electoral and he won all but 1)
Secession & Confederate States of America
SC seceded first and more after Lincoln took office, they were afraid he would abolish slavery and seceded ASAP, crittenden compromise failed because it gave too many concessions to south, attempt to resolve secession Jefferson Davis (p) Alexander Stephens (vp) lincoln said he had no right to interfere with slavery were it existed
Lincoln’s views on secession
He said secession was impossible and promised he would never be the first to attack, Lincoln claimed they don’t have right to secede and opposed because you can’t physically separate them and is unlawful and unconstitutional (strict view)
Attack on Fort Sumter
Union wanted to keep it because it was a symbol, in 1861 in charleston SC, wanted troops out but lincoln says no and gave resources and we surrendered and confederacy won
Strengths and Weaknesses of Confederacy and Union
Confederacy: (S) cotton-British ally, military strategy (W): low population and more slaves
Union: (S): population, production, ships, experienced gov (W) economy, not complete agreement of Slavery, lost good leaders, didn’t know much of land
Civil War International Diplomacy
The south thought that European nations would side with them due to their need of cotton but they just got from other places and the battle of Antietam made Europe think twice about joining confederacy
Union War Tactics and Strategy
Anaconda Plan: strategy for overcoming seceding states and helped union win because it blocked southern ports and said to go to MI river and split south into 2, McClellan frustrated lincoln because he didn’t take risks
Lincoln And Civil Liberties
He limited civil liberties by suspending habeas corpus was suspended (people deemed unloyal to union could be arrested without cause) civil law suspended in areas of south under union control and placed under martial law, censorship, restrictions on commerce
Battle of Antietam
Major union victory and allowed lincoln to issue emancipation proclamation and he didn’t seem to desperate and made European think twice on joining confederacy, 1862, MD, Robert e lee and bloodiest and lee wanted to be aggressive and win when good
