Unit 4 Vocab Flashcards
(84 cards)
Election of 1800
Jefferson and Burr tied in the number of electoral votes and then Hamilton (who despised Burr) supported Jefferson, which eventually won him the election
“Revolution” of 1800
Jefferson’s victory marked the end of the Federalist Era in which they gave up power peacefully
Aaron Burr
Jefferson’s presidential candidate who received the same number of electoral votes for the presidency. He later joined a group of Federalist extremists to plot the secession of New England and New York. He killed Alex Hamilton in a duel. He was arrested for treason.
Haitian Revolution
1789-1804, Washington, Adams, Jefferson; First successful slave revolt; led to more slave revolts because of hope of success now that there was an example; hurt France financially; gave Haiti freedom, spread fear of slave rebellion, first free slave nation in the western hemisphere, ended Napoleon’s dream of an American empire which led to him selling the Louisiana land to the Americans
Gabriel’s Revolution
A slave uprising organized by a Richmond blacksmith, Gabriel.
The plot was soon discovered though, and Gabriel was hanged.
Jefferson’s First Inaugural
“We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans” Jefferson (a Republican) declared that he wanted to keep the nation unified and avoid partisan conflicts
Marbury vs. Madison
Landmark Supreme Court case in 1803. Presided by John Marshall - said that Marbury’s commission was valid and that Jefferson should have had it delivered, but the court could not make him do it. Significance was that the old Judiciary Act conflicted with the Constitution. Marshall also had silently helped to establish judicial review.
John Marshall
Cheif Justice - Gave more power to the federal government, especially The Court (Jefferson’s enemy)
Fletcher vs. Peck
Arouse out of a series of notorious land frauds in Georgia, the Court had to decide whether the Georgia legislature of 1796 could repeal the act of the previous legislature granting lands under shady circumstances to the Yazoo Lands Companies. In a unanimous decision, Marshall said that a land grant was a valid contract and could not be repealed even if corruption was involved.
Louisiana Purchase
Napolean was on the verge of war with European powers, and had to forego plans of a vast colony in North America (as well as needing money bc of Haitian Revolution). Sold the Louisiana territory (then an unknown, massive tract of land) at the cost of $15 million. Doubled the size of the United States at the time, and was a triumph for Jefferson
Lewis and Clark
Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States’ new land and map a route from the Mississippi to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.
Barbary Wars
1801-1805, 1815, John Adams, Jefferson; North African piracy against American trade led to the naval conflict between the Africans and the US; first conflict where America fought in a foreign area, America won both, ended threat to merchant ships; another sign of America’s growing power and independence (first encounter with Islamic culture)
Chesapeake incident
American ship that resisted impressment and was unduly attacked, it led to Jefferson passing the Embargo Act
impressment
British practice of taking any sailors (not just British) and forcing them into military service if needed in an emergency. Infuriated Jefferson and American merchants
Embargo Act
1807, Jefferson, American vessels could no longer sail to foreign ports in hope that France and Great Britain would stop interfering with America’s neutrality of trade rights; meant to hurt Europe but hurt the US economy; destroyed Salem’s power as a shipping port; led to the war of 1812
“war hawks”
Western settlers who advocated war with Britain because they hoped to aquire Britain’s northwest posts (and also Florida or even Canada) and because they felt the British were aiding the Indians and encouraging them to attack the Americans on the frontier. In Congress, the War Hawks were Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
The Prophet
a charismatic religious leader and orator of the Native Americans, he experienced a mystical awakening in the process of recovering from alcoholism, and inspired a religious revival that spread throughout tribes and helped unite them, even militarily. He believed that Indian civilizations had superior virtues to those of the sinful and corrupt.
Tecumseh
brother of the Prophet, chief of the Shawnees, as the leader of the Indian military efforts, he realized that they could only defeat the whites and take back the Northwest if they united, so he set out down the Mississippi river to visit tribes and persuade them to join him in the Tecumseh confederacy and battle the whites who had wrongly taken their land through treaties.
Battle of Tippecanoe
When Tecumseh had left to recruit more tribes into his alliance, Governor Harrison, who saw the moment to destroy the growing influence of the two Indian leaders. With 1,000 soldiers he camped near prophets town and provoked an armed conflict in which he drove off the Indians and burned the town. The battle caused division in Tecumseh’s confederacy, but many warriors were still eager for combat, and during the spring of 1812, they were active along the frontier, raiding white settlements and terrifying settlers.
James Madison
The author of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, Madison was also the father of the Federalist party and the fourth President of the United States. He was President during the war of 1812 and was also Vice-President under Jefferson. He was a great statesman but was not a strong president.
War of 1812
At first, Britain did not want an open conflict with the United States, but as Napoleon was making many mistakes in Europe, and the French empire was deteriorating, and Britain was able to turn its attention to America. First, in the summer of 1812, American forces invaded Canada through Detroit and soon had to retreat; surrendering a fort here and in what was later Chicago, to an Indian attack. Meanwhile, Americans were winning a few victories over the British, but eventually they were driven back and the British set up a blockade.
Battle of New Orleans
An array of battle- hardened British veterans below New Orleans prepared to advance north up the Mississippi, awaiting them were Andrew Jackson and a collection of many well protected men. The British were no match for them and were brutally defeated, leaving 7000 dead and 1,400 wounded. Later news arrived that the United States and Britain had signed a peace treaty several weeks before the battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent
American and British diplomats met in Ghent, Belgium, where both sides began with extravagant demands, but the final treaty changed very little except end the fighting itself. The Americans gave up their demands for the end of British impressments, and Canada, while the British abandoned their call for the creation of an Indian buffer state in the Northwest and made other, minor territorial concessions; the final treaty was signed Christmas Eve, 1814.
“Era of Good Feelings”
the period from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the federalists enabled the Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony.
