Unit 5

Question 1

Griffith

Answer 1

Bacterial Transformation

Question 2

Chargoff

Answer 2

The base pair rule

Question 3

Avery

Answer 3

DNA was the hereditary material of viruses

Question 4

Wilkens+Franklin

Answer 4

Determined the shape of DNA from X-rays

Question 5

Watson+Crick

Answer 5

Established the entire structure of DNA (double helix)

Question 6

1st step of reconstruction

Answer 6

DNA is unzipped using HELICASE

Question 7

2nd step of reconstruction

Answer 7

Polymerase travels down 3’ to 5’, adds nucleotides, and bonds sugars and phosphates together

Question 8

3rd step of reconstruction

Answer 8

Okazaki fragments are bonded by ligase

Question 9

Helicase

Answer 9

Unzips DNA during replication

Question 10

DNA Polymerase

Answer 10

Adds nucleotides, bonds sugars and phosphates

Question 11

Lagging End

Answer 11

replicated in the 5’ to 3’ direction in discontinuous chunks

Question 12

Leading End

Answer 12

replicated in the 3’ to 5’ direction continuously

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

Contains a sugar, phosphate, and base (ATGC)

Question 14

Every 3 bases on mRNA is called a…

Answer 14

CODON

Question 15

Codons specify…

Answer 15

one amino acid

Question 16

Chains of amino acids are…

Answer 16

proteins

Question 17

Transcription

Answer 17

the process where mRNA is made from DNA

Question 18

Translation

Answer 18

process by which protein is built from the mRNA, occurs in the cytoplasm at a ribosome

Question 19

RNA traits

Answer 19

uses ribose, urical instead of thymine, single strand, can leave the nucleus

Question 20

RNA polymerase

Answer 20

used to build the strand of RNA in the nucleus

Question 21

tRNA is used to build an…

Answer 21

amino acid chain by delivering an amino acid to bind to the previous one (anti-codon, has a single attached amino acid)

Question 22

Operon consists of…

Answer 22

a promoter, operater, and structural genes

Question 23

Promoter

Answer 23

where RNA polymerase attaches signalling the start of the gene

Question 24

Operator

Answer 24

where a repressor binds, stopping the transcription of that gene

Question 25

Structural Genes

Answer 25

genes coding for the enzyme, transcribed as a unit

Question 26

TRYP Operon in E.Coli

Answer 26

exsists in the “ON” state, controls production of tryptophan

Question 27

LAC Operon in E.Coli

Answer 27

exsists in the “OFF” state, turns on when lactose is present

Question 28

Repressible Operon

Answer 28

is normally ON but can be turned off (TRYP OPERON)

Question 29

Inducible Operon

Answer 29

is normally OFF but can be turned on (LAC OPERON)

Question 30

Recombinant DNA Tech

Answer 30

DNA from different sources is combined (human DNA + bacterial DNA)

Question 31

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 31

creates millions of copies of a gene (or segment of DNA) using DNA polymerase

Question 32

Gene Amplification

Answer 32

DNA must be heated to separate strands