Unit 5 Cell Reproduction and Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Reproduction at the cellular level occurs when….

Answer 1

One cell called the Parent cell divides and forms new cells called the Daughter cells.

Question 2

Unicellular organisms consist of how many cells?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Unicellular organisms do what by cellular division?

Answer 3

Reproduce

Question 4

Multi-cellular organisms do what by cellular division?

Answer 4

• Grow

- Heal

Question 5

Why must cellular division occur?

Answer 5

So you can grow & heal

Question 6

What do daughter cells receive from the parent cell?

Answer 6

• DNA

- Organelles

Question 7

Human bodies rely on cell division to:

Answer 7

1) Grow
2) Heal
3) Develop

Question 8

Bacteria divide every __ minutes

Answer 8

20

Question 9

A human cell divides every _____ hrs.

Answer 9

18-24

Question 10

The production of offspring from one parent is called ________.

Answer 10

Asexual

Question 11

Offspring produced from the union of 2 special parental cells is _______.

Answer 11

Sexual

Question 12

What is binary fission?

Answer 12

When a cell is split in 2

Question 13

Where does binary fission occur?

Answer 13

Prokaryotes

Question 14

What type of reproduction is binary fission?

Answer 14

Asexual

Question 15

What are other methods of asexual reproduction? (3)

Answer 15

1) Vegetative (Strawberries)
2) Fragmentation (Starfish)
3) Eyes (Potatoes)

Question 16

Sexual reproduction results fro the joining of specialized sex cells called _______.

Answer 16

Gametes

Question 17

The male gamete is called ______.

Answer 17

Sperm

Question 18

The female gamete is called the _____.

Answer 18

Ovum (Egg)

Question 19

In the process of fertilization what happens?

Answer 19

The egg and sperm combine to form the zygote.

Question 20

How many chromosomes in a normal human cell?

Answer 20

46

Question 21

Body cells are called ______.

Answer 21

Somatic

Question 22

How many chromosomes in a normal goldfish cell?

Answer 22

94

Question 23

What are the 3 main parts of cell replication?

Answer 23

1) Copy of DNA
2) Divide the DNA copies
3) Cell divides into 2

Question 24

How long does the whole cycle take?

Answer 24

20 hours

Question 25

How long does the actual division take?

Answer 25

less than 1 hour

Question 26

What is the time between divisions called?

Answer 26

Interphase

Question 27

What happens during Interphase?

Answer 27

1) Normal cell work | 2) DNA replicates ***

Question 28

The hereditary material (DNA & Protein) is called_______ in the interphase stage.

Answer 28

Chromatin

Question 29

At the start of mitosis, what does chromatin do?

Answer 29

Coils up and condenses, forming thick rods called chromosomes.

Question 30

Each chromosome has 2 strands called _______.

Answer 30

Sister chromosomes

Question 31

What are the sister chromosomes held together at?

Answer 31

The centromere

Question 32

What are the 5 stages of Mitosis?

Answer 32

1) Prophase 2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4) Telophase 5) Cytokinesis

Question 33

What happens in prophase?

Answer 33

1) 2 copies of each chromosome coil into chromatids | 2) Nuclear membrane disappears

Question 34

What happens in Metaphase?

Answer 34

1) Chromosomes line up in the middle | 2) Spindle fiber attach to chromatids from the centrioles

Question 35

What happens in Anaphase?

Answer 35

1) Spindle fibers shorten | 2) Chromatids pulled to opposite sides

Question 36

What happens in Telophase?

Answer 36

1) Reach opposite ends 2) Nuclear membrane re-forms 3) Spindle fibers disappear

Question 37

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 37

1) Cell membrane pinches inward and together

Question 38

When does Cytokinesis begin?

Answer 38

During telophase

Question 39

What protein tubes form between the centrioles?

Answer 39

Spindle fibers

Question 40

In what phase is the best time to study chromosomes?

Answer 40

Metaphase

Question 41

Why is metaphase the best time to study chromosomes?

Answer 41

They are lined up & organized

Question 42

What must be formed so plant cells can do cytokinesis?

Answer 42

A plate

Question 43

Chromosomes in somatic cells occur in pairs called _____.

Answer 43

Homologs

Question 44

Humans have 46 chromosomes with ___ pairs of homologs

Answer 44

23

Question 45

A human gamete has only ___ chromosomes

Answer 45

23

Question 46

Because a human gamete has only 23 chromosomes, it is said to be a ________.

Answer 46

Haploid

Question 47

Meisis requires how many successive cell divisions?

Answer 47

2

Question 48

The process of homologous chromosomes coming together is called _________.

Answer 48

Synapsis

Question 49

Chromosomes lie next to eachother forming a ______.

Answer 49

Tetrad

Question 50

Why is meiosis 1 the "Reduction Division"?

Answer 50

It reduces the number of chromosomes rom the diploid to the haploid number.

Question 51

Why is meiosis 2 different from meiosis 1?

Answer 51

In meiosis 2 DNA is NOT replicated

Question 52

Meiosis in male cells result in ___ cells that change into sperm

Answer 52

4

Question 53

What is different about meiosis in female cells?

Answer 53

It only results in 1 viable egg

Question 54

Each of the daughter cells produced in meiosis is _______.

Answer 54

Haploid

Question 55

What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?

Answer 55

Heredity

Question 56

What is the scientific study of heredity called?

Answer 56

Genetics

Question 57

How are traits transmitted?

Answer 57

Chromosomes

Question 58

What are the units of heredity called?

Answer 58

Genes

Question 59

What is a gene that masks the other gene in a pair called?

Answer 59

Dominant

Question 60

What is a gene that is hidden in the F1 generation called?

Answer 60

Recessive

Question 61

What is homozygous?

Answer 61

When 2 genes are identical

Question 62

What is homozygous dominant?

Answer 62

When 2 genes are both dominant

Question 63

What is homozygous recessive?

Answer 63

When 2 genes are both recessive

Question 64

What is heterozygous?

Answer 64

When an individual has a dominant gene and a recessive

Question 65

What is the principal of segregation?

Answer 65

Members of each pair of genes separate when gametes are formen

Question 66

When does the principal of segregation happen?

Answer 66

Anaphase 1 of Meiosis

Question 67

What is an allele?

Answer 67

A term used to refer to either member of a pair of genes

Question 68

The pairs of alleles in the cells of an organism make up ________.

Answer 68

Genotype | *BB, Bb, bb

Question 69

What is the phenotype?

Answer 69

A trait that is actually expressed in an organism | *Description

Question 70

What kind of cross is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 70

Crosses involving 1 trait

Question 71

What kind of cross is a dihybrid cross?

Answer 71

Crosses involving 2 traits

Question 72

What is proof of independent Assortment?

Answer 72

Dihybrid cross