Unit 3 Biochemistry Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Atoms
A
Building blocks of all matter
2
Q
Atomos
A
Unable to be cut
3
Q
Central Core of an Atom
A
Nucleus
4
Q
Mass of proton
A
1 amu
5
Q
AMU
A
Atomic Mass Unit
6
Q
Protons charge
A
Positive
7
Q
Neutrons mass
A
1 amu
8
Q
Neutrons charge
A
No charge/Neutral
9
Q
2 things in the nucleus
A
Protons & Neutrons
10
Q
Nucleus’s overall charge
A
Positive
11
Q
Electrons mass
A
0 amu
12
Q
Electron charge
A
Negative
13
Q
Atom overall charge
A
0
14
Q
What do electrons do
A
Circle Nucleus
15
Q
Periodic Table
A
Classifies & predicts behavior of elements
16
Q
Mass number
A
protons & # of neutrons in atom
17
Q
Atomic Number
A
protons in nucleus
18
Q
Isotopes
A
Atoms of an element with a different # of neutrons
19
Q
Compound
A
Two or more elements combined chemically
20
Q
Molecule
A
The smallest particle of a compound with independent existence
21
Q
Ion
A
An atom that has gained or lost an electron
22
Q
What element is always found it an organic molecule?
A
Carbon
23
Q
What type of bond holds water molecules together?
A
Hydrogen Bond
24
Q
Is a hydrogen bond the strongest of weakest?
A
Weakest
25
What bond is the strongest?
Covalent
26
How many electron can the second shell of an atom hold?
8 electrons
27
What do you call an atom that has gained or lost an electron?
Ion
28
What can insects walk on water?
They dont break the hydrogen bond
| -Water is polar
29
If a molecule is polar, what does it mean?
The molecule has unequal charges.
30
What is the lowest number on the pH scale?
1
31
Is a low number an acid, base or nuetral?
Acid
32
Organic molecules are made up by what?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur
33
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
34
What are the three types of bonds?
Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen
35
How many times can carbon bond to other molecules?
4 times
36
What type of sugar is glucose?
Bloodsugar
37
What type of saccharide is best to eat if you're going to run a marathon?
Polysaccharide
38
What to MOLECULES make up a lipid?
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
39
What happens in hydrolysis?
Water breaks
40
What kind of fat is worse for you?
Saturated
41
What do carbohydrates store?
Energy
42
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
8
43
What do amino acids joined together make?
Proteins
44
What type of bond holds together amino acids?
Peptide Bonds
45
What do enzymes do?
Speed up chemical reactions
46
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
- DNA
| - RNA
47
What monomers make up nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
48
What are the 4 types of organic molecules?
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipid
3) Protein
4) Nucleic Acid
49
What are some examples of carbohydrates?
- Glucose
- Glactose
- Lactose
- Starch
- Sugars
50
Examples of Lipids?
- Fats
- Oils
- Waxes
51
Example of Protein?
-Muscle
52
Example of Nucleic Acid?
-Genetic Material
53
How are ions created?
When an atom gains or looses an electron
54
What is a physical property of matter?
Property that doesnt change
- Observed w/ senses
* Shape *Size *Texture *Color
55
What are chemical properties of matter?
Property that undergoes a change
56
3 States of Matter
1) Solid
2) Liquid
3) Gas
57
Physical Properties List (4)
1) Texture
2) Color
3) Density
4) Pressure
58
Chemical Properties List (4)
1) Reactivity w/ air
2) Reactivity w/ an acid or base
3) Flamability
4) Reactivity to other element
59
What is an enzyme?
A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
60
Examples of an enzyme.
-Amalayse (Saliva)
61
Substance that dissolves others...
Solvent
62
Substance that is dissolveed...
Solute
63
Is water and excellent solvent?
Yes-due to polarity
64
What are suspensions?
They look cloudy
-Particles are larger than molecules
*Will settle out
ex/: Muddy Water
65
What are colloids?
Smaller than suspensions, but larger than solute
-Molecules form a matrix
ex/: milk, jello, foam, marshmellows
66
What is the pH scale?
It measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions.
67
Molecules of life are called...
Organic molecules
68
Organsims consist mostly of...(6)
1) Carbon
2) Hydrogen
3) Oxygen
4) Nitrogen
5) Phosphorous
6) Sulfur
69
What structures can carbon form?
- Chains
- Rings
- Corners
70
A chain of carbon and hydrogen is called a.....
Backbone
71
4 carbon based groups
1) Hydroxyl
2) Carboxyl
3) Amino
4) Phosphate
72
Are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and Nucleic Acids macromolecules?
Yes
73
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
74
Monomers that make up carbohydrates are called...
Monosaccharides
75
What are carbohydrates used in living things for?
Energy and Structure
76
What structure do Glucose and Fructose usually form?
A ring structure
| -Especially in water
77
What are glucose and fructose considered, because they have the same number of atoms but different arrangements?
Isomers
78
2 monosaccharides are called...
Disaccharide
79
The largest carbohydrates are called...
Polysaccharides
80
What enzyme does hydrolysis? (Breaks down complex molecules)
Amaylase
81
What does iodine detect?
If something is a polysaccharide. (Turns Black)
82
What does Benedicts Solution detect?
If something is a monosaccharide. (Turns Orange)
83
What elements do lipids mostly contain?
Carbon & Hydrogen
84
What are lipids used for?
Storing energy
85
What is the basic structure of a lipid?
1 Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids
86
Is a saturated fat packed with hydrogen?
Yes
87
Are all lipids insoluble in water?
Yes
88
What are proteins made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and NITROGEN
89
Basic monomers of proteins are...
Amino Acids
90
What are amino acids used for?
Basic building materials in living things
91
Amino Acid Groups (4)
1) COOH
2) NH2
3) H
4) R Group
92
How many different amino acids are there?
20
93
Through a series of _____?_____ reactions, amino acids are joined in a chain to form a protein.
Condensation
94
What bond holds together amino acids in proteins?
Peptide
95
What type of bond is a peptide bond?
Covalent
96
Group of 2 amino acids.
Dipeptide
97
Group of 3 or more amino acids.
Polypeptide
98
Amino acids are used for...
- Structure
- Transport
- Communications
- Catalysts
- Controlling cell growth
99
What is denaturation?
The breakdown of proteins
100
2 types of proteins
1) Fibrous (Hair, Muscle, Skin)
| 2) Globular (Hemoglobin)
101
What can you use to test for proteins?
Biurets/Nitric Acid
102
2 kinds of Nucleic Acids.
1) DNA- deoxyribo nucleic acid
| 2) RNA- ribo nucleic acid
103
What is DNA used for?
Making proteins inside of nucleus
104
What is RNA used for?
Making proteins outside of nucleus
105
What are both DNA and RNA made of?
Nucleotides
106
What kind of bond is between the nucleotides?
Hydrogen Bond
