Unit 5 Lecture 4

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 1

Bicondyloid

Question 2

Two condyles of femur articulate with what?

Answer 2

Two tibial plates

Question 3

The patella articulates with what?

Answer 3

Patellar surface of femur

Question 4

What are the menisci?

Answer 4

They are circular rims of fibrocartilage

Question 5

What is the lateral menisci?

Answer 5

An incomplete circle

Question 6

What shape is the medial menisci?

Answer 6

It’s c shaped

Question 7

Vastus lateralis origin and insertion

Answer 7

Origin: femur

Insertion: tibia tuberosity

Question 8

Action of vastus lateralis

Answer 8

Knee extension

Question 9

Vastus medialis origin and insertion

Answer 9

Origin: femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Question 10

Action of Vastus medialis

Answer 10

Knee extension

Question 11

Vastus intermedius origin and insertion

Answer 11

Origin: femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Question 12

Action of Vastus intermedius

Answer 12

Knee extension

Question 13

Popilteus origin and insertion

Answer 13

Origin: femur

Insertion: tibia

Question 14

Action of poplitues

Answer 14

Knee flexion
Pops the knee out of full extension

Question 15

Gastrocnemius origin and insertion

Answer 15

Origin: femur

Insertion: Achilles tendon into calcaneus

Question 16

Gastrocnemius actions

Answer 16

Knee flexion
Ankle plantar flexion

Question 17

What is chrondromalacia?

Answer 17

Most common cause of chronic knee pain

Question 18

What happens in chondromalacia?

Answer 18

Softening and degeneration of the cartilage under the patella

Question 19

Is chondromalacia more common in male or females?

Answer 19

Females

Question 20

What is prepatellar bursitis?

Answer 20

Housemaids knee

Question 21

What is the most common knee pain in children?

Answer 21

Osgood Schlatter disease

Question 22

Why does osgood shlatter disease happen?

Answer 22

Strong pull of the quads on the tibia, usually during growth spurt

Question 23

What is osgood shlatter disease?

Answer 23

Inflammation of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity

Question 24

How much more do females tear their ACLs than males

Answer 24

4-8 times as often as males

Question 25

Factors that may be related to ACL tears

Answer 25

Knocked knees Less flexion Activating quads first and not hammies Wider hips Hormones Relatively weaker than males

Question 26

What is knee arthroplasty?

Answer 26

Replacement of articulating surfaces of the knee due to arthritis

Question 27

What type of joint is the ankle?

Answer 27

Hinge

Question 28

What does the ankle articulate with

Answer 28

Talus with distal ends of tibia and fibula

Question 29

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

Answer 29

Saddle

Question 30

What does the subtalar joint articulate with?

Answer 30

Talus and calcaneus

Question 31

What are the three lateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 31

Anterior talofibular Calcaneofibular Posterior talofibular

Question 32

What is the medial ankle ligament

Answer 32

Deltoid

Question 33

What ankle sprain is more common inversion or eversion?

Answer 33

Inversion

Question 34

What four things does the fascia compartments of the lower leg do?

Answer 34

Tightly bind muscles Prevents swelling during exercise AIDS venous return Inward extensions of it divide the leg into three compartments

Question 35

What are the three compartments of the lower leg?

Answer 35

Anterior Lateral Posterior

Question 36

What is the common action of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 36

Dorsi flexion

Question 37

Tibialis anterior origin and insertion

Answer 37

Origin: tibia Insertion: foot

Question 38

Actions of tibialis anterior

Answer 38

Prime mover of dorsi flexion Assists in supporting medial longitudinal arch

Question 39

Extensor digitorum longus origin and insertion

Answer 39

Origin: lateral tibia and fibula Insertion: toes 2-5

Question 40

Actions of extensor digitorum longus

Answer 40

Prime mover of toe extension Dorsi flexion

Question 41

Extensor hallicus longus

Answer 41

Origin: fibula Insertion: great toe

Question 42

Actions of extensor hallicus longus

Answer 42

Prime mover of extension of the great toe Dorsi flexion

Question 43

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 43

Peroneus longus and brevis

Question 44

Actions of peronues longus and brevis

Answer 44

Plantar flexion and eversion

Question 45

What do the peroneus longus and brevis stabilize?

Answer 45

Lateral ankle and lateral longitudinal arch

Question 46

Muscles of the posterior compartment are all what?

Answer 46

Plantar flexors

Question 47

What is superficial on the triceps surae?

Answer 47

Gastrocnemius

Question 48

What is deeper and more distal on the triceps surae?

Answer 48

Soleus

Question 49

Triceps surae insertion

Answer 49

Insertion: heal via the Achilles tendon

Question 50

Triceps surae actions

Answer 50

Prime movers of plantar flexion

Question 51

Soleus origin and insertion

Answer 51

Origin: posterior tibia and fibula Insertion: Achilles tendon into calcaneus

Question 52

Actions of Soleus

Answer 52

Plantar flexion Postural control

Question 53

Flexor digitorum longus origin and insertion

Answer 53

Origin: posterior tibia Insertion: toes 2-5

Question 54

Actions of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 54

Plantar flexion Toe flexion (Toe gripper)

Question 55

Tibialis posterior origin and insertion

Answer 55

Origin: posterior tibia and fibula Insertion: foot

Question 56

Actions of tibialis posterior

Answer 56

Prime mover of inversion Plantar flexion Stabilizes medial longitudinal arch

Question 57

Flexor hallicus longus origin and insertion

Answer 57

Origin: posterior fibula, interphase is membrane Insertion: great toe

Question 58

Actions of flexor hallicus longus

Answer 58

Prime mover of big toe Plantar flexor

Question 59

What three things compose the foot?

Answer 59

Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

Question 60

Three important functions of the foot

Answer 60

Supports body weight Acts as a lever to propel the body forward when walking Segmentation makes foot pliable and adapted to uneven ground

Question 61

Three arches of the foot

Answer 61

Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch

Question 62

What two things maintain arches within the foot?

Answer 62

Interlocking shapes of tarsals Ligaments and tendons

Question 63

What is the plantar fascia?

Answer 63

Thick connective tissue that supports the arch of the foot

Question 64

Where does the plantar fascia run?

Answer 64

From calcaneus to proximal phalanges

Question 65

When the plantar fascia is released it acts like what?

Answer 65

A spring

Question 66

What are shin splints?

Answer 66

Pain in the anterior shin at about mid level

Question 67

What is Achilles tendinitis m?

Answer 67

Inflammation of the Achilles tendon 2 to 4 cm above its insertion in the calcaneus

Question 68

What is Achilles tendon rupture called?

Answer 68

Avulsion

Question 69

What is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction also called?

Answer 69

Acquired flat foot

Question 70

What is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

Answer 70

Breakdown of the tibialis posterior muscle

Question 71

What causes metatarsal stress fractures?

Answer 71

Repetitive stress on foot

Question 72

What metatarsals are mostly effected by metatarsal stress fractures?

Answer 72

2nd and 3rd