Unit 5b: Mental&Phys Health Flashcards
(96 cards)
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
a group of conditions that affect the development and functioning of the brain and nervous system
typically manifest in early childhood and persist throughout adulthood
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
characterized by persistent patterns of
-inattention
-hyperactivity/impulsivity
-difficulty focusing
-excessive fidgeting
-restlessness
Diagnosis:
One or both of the following, 6-month period:
- Inattention - (six or more symptoms)
- Hyperactivity - (six or more symptoms)
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Symptoms:
- difficulty w/ social interactions
- understanding non-verbal cues
- engaging in imaginative play.
Diagnosis:
Both of the following, starting in early development:
- persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction.
- restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders
a group of related mental disorders that share symptoms of psychosis (a loss of touch with reality)
- delusions
- delusions of persecution
- delusions of grandeur
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized thinking
- Disorganized Speech
- Disorganized Motor Behavior
- Catatonia
- Flat Affect
- Social Withdrawal
- Avolition
- Catatonic Stupor
Diagnosis:
Two or more of the following, 1-month period:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized Speech
- Grossly Disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative Symptoms (diminished emotional expression)
What are delusions?
Delusions are positive symptoms that involve false beliefs resistant to reasoning or contrary evidence. These beliefs are often fixed and not in line with reality.
What are delusions of persecution?
Delusions of persecution are a type of delusion where the individual believes that others are conspiring against them or trying to harm them.
What are delusions of grandeur?
Delusions of grandeur are a type of delusion where the individual believes they have exceptional abilities, fame, or importance.
What are hallucinations?
Hallucinations are positive symptoms that involve perceptions of things that are not actually present. They can affect any of the senses, but auditory hallucinations (hearing voices) are the most common in schizophrenia.
What is disorganized thinking?
Disorganized thinking is a positive symptom where an individual’s thoughts become fragmented, leading to incoherent speech or difficulty in organizing thoughts logically.
What is disorganized speech?
Disorganized speech is a positive symptom in which a person’s communication is fragmented, jumbled, or incomprehensible.
What is word salad?
Word salad is a term used to describe speech that is incoherent and jumbled, often seen in individuals with severe schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.
What is disorganized motor behavior?
Disorganized motor behavior involves unpredictable or inappropriate actions, which can range from agitation to extreme physical postures, including purposeless movements.
What is catatonia?
Catatonia is a state of immobility or extreme agitation, which can involve the person becoming unresponsive to their environment or engaging in purposeless, repetitive movements.
What are negative symptoms?
Negative symptoms are deficits or reductions in normal functioning, such as lack of emotional expression (flat affect), lack of motivation, or social withdrawal, often seen in schizophrenia.
What is flat affect?
Flat affect is a lack of emotional expression, commonly seen in schizophrenia and other disorders, where the individual may appear emotionally unresponsive or detached.
What is catatonic stupor?
Catatonic stupor is a state of near-complete unresponsiveness to external stimuli, often characterized by a lack of movement or verbal response, which can occur in some forms of schizophrenia or mood disorders.
Dopamine Hypothesis
suggests that schizophrenia (positive) symptoms may be related to overactivity of dopamine transmission in certain brain areas.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Diagnosis:
severe form of dissociation where an individual experiences:
-two or more distinct identities or personalities
-significant gaps in their memory
most often linked to severe trauma during early childhood
Dissociative Disorders
characterized by significant disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment
Derealization
“I am real but the world around me is not real”
Major Depressive Disorder
Diagnosis:
Five or more of the following, nearly every day, lasting two weeks:
- Depressed Mood
- Diminished interest in pleasurable activities
- significant weight loss or gain
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue
- Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
- Diminished concentration
- Recurrent thoughts about death
must cause significant distress or dysfunction in daily life activities.
Monoamine Hypothesis
predicts that the biological basis of depression is a depletion in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Diagnosis:
Two years of depressed mood with the addition of two of the following:
- Poor appetite or overeating
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- feelings of hopelessness
- low energy or fatigue
- low self-esteem
- diminished concentration
Bipolar Disorder
characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and behavior.
cycling alternating periods of mania and depression.
