Unit 6

Question 1

What are the benefits of living in the intertidal zones?

Answer 1

Lots of Sunlight for Photosynthesis

Lots of Food and Nutrients

Lots of Hiding Places PFH

Question 2

What are the costs of living in the intertidal zones?

Answer 2

Sun dries you out

Waves are rough

Salinity changes w/ rainfall and evaporation

Lots of Competition

Predators (Birds)

SWSCP

Question 3

What are the different zones in coastal ecosystems?

Answer 3

Spray/Splash Zone-High Intertidal-Mid Intertidal-Low Intertidal SHML

Question 4

What is the trend as you move higher in the zones?

Answer 4

More shells-Less squishy and water

Question 5

What is the trend as you move lower in the zones?

Answer 5

Less shells-More water and squishy

Question 6

What are the characteristics of the Spray Zone?

Answer 6

High on the Beach- Out of water for most of the time

Question 7

What are the animals/plants in the Spray Zone?

Answer 7

Amphipod-Lichen-Periwinkles-Limpet S-ALPL

Question 8

What are the adaptations in the Spray Zone?

Answer 8

Amphipod burying itself in the sand.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of the High Intertidal Zone?

Answer 9

Increased Wave Action- Tidepools provide some protection

Question 10

What are some animals/plants in the High Intertidal Zone?

Answer 10

Gutweed-Limpets-Mussels-Shorecrab H-GLMS

Question 11

What are the adaptations in the High Intertidal Zone?

Answer 11

Anemones surviving wave action by attaching themselves to the sheltered side of large rocks.

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the Mid Intertidal Zone?

Answer 12

Most active region-Twice a day underwater and out of water-More forms of Algae

Question 13

What are the animals/plants in the Mid Intertidal Zone?

Answer 13

Rockweed-Balanus Barnacle-Wrinkled Whelks M-RBW

Question 14

What are the adaptations in the Mid Intertidal Zones?

Answer 14

Using tube feet for echinoderms to anchor down tightly

Question 15

What are the characteristics of the Low Intertidal Zones?

Answer 15

Most food and shelter underwater for a lot of the time- Diverse array of algae

Question 16

What are the animals in the Low Intertidal Zones?

Answer 16

Red Algae-Slender Sea Star-Lined Chiton-Purple Sea Urchin L-RSCU

Question 17

What are the adaptations in the Low Intertidal Zones?

Answer 17

Tube worms using hard tubes around their bodies for protection.

Question 18

What are the human impacts and conservation for Intertidal Zones?

Answer 18

Overharvesting of Algae for food- Shell Collecting-Pollution-Climate Change OSPC

Question 19

How is Sand formed?

Answer 19

Formed by deposition of particles that have been carried by water currents from other areas.

Question 20

What are the sources of Sand?

Answer 20

Mountains-Volcanoes-Broken Shells MVB

Question 21

What are the main components of Sandy Beaches?

Answer 21

Quartz-Carbonate-Black Sand QCB

Question 22

What is the chemical formula and origin of Quartz?

Answer 22

SiO2-Terrestrial Origin

Question 23

What is the chemical formula and origin of Carbonate?

Answer 23

CaCO3-Marine Origin

Question 24

What is the chemical formula and origin of Black Sand?

Answer 24

Feldspar and Quartz-Volcanoe

Question 25

What are the 3 S's of Sand?

Answer 25

Size-Shape-Sorting

Question 26

Define Size

Answer 26

Depends of source and waves. Strong waves leave only large sediments and sheltered beaches have smaller sediments. Materials get smaller w/ transportation. (Long Travel Time=Small Size)

Question 27

Define Shape

Answer 27

Transporting of sediments rounds off edges. (MORE TRANSPORT=WELL ROUNDED)

Question 28

Define Sorting

Answer 28

Well-Sorted: Similar Sizes; transported for long time and distance. Poorly-Sorted: different sizes; deposited close to the source of erosion.

Question 29

What is the order of sand grain size from largest to smallest?

Answer 29

Pebbles-Granules-Coarse Sand-Medium Sand-Fine Sand-Silt-Clay PGCM-FSC

Question 30

_____ marks the highest point of a high tide.

Answer 30

Wrack Line

Question 31

What are the characteristics of Sandy Beaches

Answer 31

No stable, fixed surface but zonation still occurs. Molluscs w/ two shells are common; they have a soft body.

Question 32

What are the animals/plants in Sandy Beaches

Answer 32

Beach Hopper- Sand Crab- Roly Poly- Donax- Razor Clam S-BSR-DR

Question 33

What are the adaptations of organisms in Sandy Beaches?

Answer 33

Animals will burrow in order to have a more stable environment.

Question 34

What are the human impacts and conservation in Sandy Beaches?

Answer 34

Coastal Development- Recreation- Pollution-Sea Level Rise CRPS

Question 35

What are the characteristics of Estuaries?

Answer 35

Where rivers meet the sea- They are consisted of Brackish Water

Question 36

Define Brackish Water

Answer 36

A mixture of fresh water draining from the land and salty seawater.

Question 37

What are some animals/plants in estuaries?

Answer 37

Cordgrass-Pickleweed-Sea Lavendar-Bobcat-Kingsnake-Birds E-CPS-BKB

Question 38

What are some adaptations in Estuaries?

Answer 38

They have to be able to deal w/ salt.

Question 39

What are the human impacts and conservation in Estuaries?

Answer 39

Dredging-Pollution-Overfishing DPO

Question 40

Explain the Beaches in Summer.

Answer 40

Smaller energy and lower fluctuation in waves deposits sediments. SD

Question 41

Explain the Beaches in Winter.

Answer 41

Higher energy winter waves erode away the beaches berm. WE

Question 42

What are all of the Phylums?

Answer 42

Porifera-Cnidaria-Platyhelminthes-Echinodermata-Annelida-Nematoda-Arthropoda-Mollusca-Chordata PC-PEAN-AMC

Question 43

Explain everything about Porifera.

Answer 43

Sponges PS Sessile- permanently attached spicules-slender pointed hard body

Question 44

Explain everything about Cnidaria.

Answer 44

Jellies and Corals CJC Radially Symmetrical Digestive cavity with only 1 opening

Question 45

Explain everything about Platyhelminthes.

Answer 45

Flatworms PF Have body organs Simple digestive and nervous system Bilateral Symmetry- Two halves of the body mirror each other.

Question 46

Explain everything about Echinodermata.

Answer 46

Sea Stars and Sea Urchins ESS 5 Fold Radial Symmetry CaCO3 Skeleton Tube Feet: operated by fluid pressure (hydrostatic skeleton)

Question 47

Explain everything about Annelida.

Answer 47

Segmented Worms AS Segmented Body Wall Surface scales or bristles

Question 48

Explain everything about Nematoda.

Answer 48

Round Worms NR Unsegmented Body- a tapered tube. Move by coiling and uncoiling. Lots of parasites.

Question 49

Explain everything about Arthropoda.

Answer 49

Crustaceans- Lobster, crab, and Shrimp ALCS Jointed Appendages Hard exoskeleton made of chitin Bilateral Symmetry Reproduce Sexually

Question 50

Explain everything about Mollusca

Answer 50

Snails, Squid, Clams MSSC Open circulatory system Animal covered with a shell of 1,2, or 8 pieces. Can be without an external shell but w/ a muscular foot or 8 tentacles.

Question 51

Explain everything about Chordata.

Answer 51

Mammals, Reptiles, Birds, Fish, Sharks CMRBFS Animal body bilateral symmetry Animals w/ a notochord (often becomes backbone).