Unit 6:

Question 1

Define polymor

Answer 1

One single unit that’s made up of monomers

Question 2

Monomers

Answer 2

Building blocks linked together to form a polymor

Question 3

What is DNA made up

Answer 3

Nucleotides are the monomer
And polymore

(The monomer for nucleic acids is nucleotides

Question 4

List the three parts of a nucleotide

Answer 4

Phosphate
Deoxyribose (5 carbon atoms)
Nitrogenous

Question 5

List the four types of nitrogenous

Answer 5

Adenine
Cystosine
Guanine
Thymine

Question 6

List the two patterns found between nitrogenous

Answer 6

Adenine and Thymine go together

Cytosine and Guanine go together

Question 7

How does DNA replicate

Answer 7

1. An enzyme helicose unwinds and unzip the DNA
2. Anneal (prime) the DNA with the enzyme Primase
3. Build new strands between the bonds
4. Lymose brings the backbone tofether

Question 8

Steps for PCR

Answer 8

1. Unzip DNA with heat to replace helicase
2. Artificial primers to anneal
3. Build DNA with TAQ polymerase

Question 9

DNA restriction pattern

Answer 9

GAATTC
CTTAAG

Question 10

What’s the direction of DNA strands

Answer 10

5 prime to 3 prime
Or
3 prime to 5 prime

Question 11

• Why does lymose fill in the breaks

Answer 11

Because polymerase only builds new strands in 5 prime to 3 prime resulting in Okazaki fragments. This strand is called the lagging strand

Question 12

• What is primer made out of ?

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

• How do you identify a person with DNA

Answer 13

Take a gel electrophoresis from a crime scene and then take millions of different peoples DNA and compare them to find the exact combination

Question 14

• How do DNA strands move in a gel electrophoresis

Answer 14

Longer strands stay near the wells while shorter strands move more away

Question 15

What do all amino acids have

Answer 15

H3N and CH

Question 16

How does RNA polymerase build the RNA

Answer 16

The polymerase build the RNA by noticing the bottom strand and paring it with its base pair

Question 17

What are the main differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 17

• single stranded
• RNA polymerase
  Instead of T it’s U

Question 18

How to make MRNA

Answer 18

Polymerase cuts out the introns and keeps the exons. Exons are sent to the ribosomes and ribosomes make amino acids

Question 19

How do the ribosomes make amino acids

Answer 19

The ribosomes take the universal genetic code and use codons to follow the amino acids

Question 20

What is RNA used for

Answer 20

To send messages to build proteins

Question 21

What is the codon ti start

Answer 21

AUG

Question 22

Nonsense mutation

Answer 22

When a mutation occurs that stops the code

Question 23

What is frameshift mutation

Answer 23

A mutation that inserts or deletes a base

Question 24

What is missense mutation

Answer 24

A mutation that creates a different amino acid by replacement

Question 25

What is a silent mutation

Answer 25

A mutation that replaces a base but the amino acid stays the same

Question 26

What is tRNA

Answer 26

They bring anticodons that pair with AUG codons which check if the right amino acid is being built

Question 27

Difference between transcription and translation

Answer 27

Transcription is when it’s being take. Apart into exons and translation is when it’s in the ribosome and amino acids are being created

Question 28

Why are proteins vital

Answer 28

Because proteins give the cell instructions, transport, act like enzymes

Question 29

What happens when mistakes are made

Answer 29

Mutations will occur and will create either not correctly shaped proteins or they might stop the process

Question 30

Steps of protein synthesis

Answer 30

1. Make copy of DNA into RNA
2. Cut out the introns and then exons create mRNA
3. mRNA leaves the ribosome
4. As tRNA pairs with the codons in the ribosome anticodons and amino acids are brought creating proteins

Question 31

Explain transcription

Answer 31

DNA is copied into RNA (AATAAA) and the introns are cut out to keep them exons, creating mRNA

Question 32

Explain translation

Answer 32

mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome. tRNA comes in and pairs with mRNA with anti-codons. tRNA Carrie’s the amino acids that will be built into proteins