Unit 6

Question 1

law of effect

Answer 1

thorndikes principle that behaviors by favorable consequences became more likely. the exact opposite is true for unfavorable consequences

Question 2

shaping

Answer 2

gradually guiding animals action towards desire

Question 3

discrimination stimulus

Answer 3

a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement

Question 4

primary reinforcer

Answer 4

a stimulus you react to that is a biological nerd ex: eating when hungry

Question 5

latent learning

Answer 5

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it ex: drive to mall for newest shoes

Question 6

cognitive map

Answer 6

a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment. ex: after exploring a maze rats act as if they don’t know it until there is a reward of cheese at the end

Question 7

internal locus of control

Answer 7

I determine my life

Question 8

external locus of control

Answer 8

outside forces control my life

Question 9

mirror nuerons

Answer 9

frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so

Question 10

operant conditioning needs

Answer 10

shaping

Question 11

acquisition

Answer 11

links a nuetral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so the neutral one triggers a respnonse

Question 12

generalization

Answer 12

when the stimulus is similar so it elicits the same response

Question 13

high order conditioning

Answer 13

NS -> CS (a procedure to do that)

Question 14

response behavior

Answer 14

automatic response to stimulus

Question 15

operant behaviors

Answer 15

behavior that operates on environment makes consequences

Question 16

ecologically relevant

Answer 16

something similar to stimuli associated w/ sexual stuff

Question 17

intrinsic motivation

Answer 17

a desire to perform a behavior well for its own sake (excessive rewards can destroy)

Question 18

extrinsic motivation

Answer 18

desire to perform behavior well for reward OR to avoid punishment

Question 19

problem focus coping

Answer 19

attempts to alleviate stress directly (by changing the stressor or the way we interact with it)

Question 20

emotion focused coping

Answer 20

attempts to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to stress

Question 21

modeling

Answer 21

observe and replicate behaviors

Question 22

prosocial behavior

Answer 22

positive/ helpful behavior

Question 23

thorndike=

Answer 23

law of effect

Question 24

superstitions may be caused by

Answer 24

the accidental timing of reward

Question 25

social learning =

Answer 25

observational learning

Question 26

cognitive mapping leads to

Answer 26

good memory

Question 27

responding behavior=

Answer 27

natural response

Question 28

pavlov and john watson =

Answer 28

behavioralism

Question 29

lil albert =

Answer 29

lil john (b watson)

Question 30

john garcia =

Answer 30

john “gross”-cia taste aversion

Question 31

tolman=

Answer 31

ratty maze

Question 32

wolfgang more like

Answer 32

chimp gang

Question 33

habituation

Answer 33

make a habit to not respond to repeated stimuli

Question 34

mere exposure effect

Answer 34

a learned preference for stimuli to which we have been previously exposed to

Question 35

learning

Answer 35

the process of acquiring new and relative enduring information and behaviors

Question 36

classical conditioning:

Answer 36

the type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli to anticipate events

Question 37

stimulus

Answer 37

anything that gives a response

Question 38

neutral stimulus

Answer 38

any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning (bells for pavlov dog)

Question 39

taste aversion

Answer 39

biological tendencies to avoid foods that make us sick at one point

Question 40

biological preparedness

Answer 40

idea that people and animals are inherently inclined to form associations between certain stimuli and responses

Question 41

operant:

Answer 41

involving the modification of behaviors by reinforcing or inhibiting effect of its own consequences

Question 42

skinner box aka the

Answer 42

operant conditioning chamber

Question 43

operant conditioning:

Answer 43

the form of learning in which a behavior is strengthened by a reinforcer or diminished by a followed punishment

Question 44

secondary (conditioned) reinforcer

Answer 44

stimulus that gains its power through association with a primary reinforcer (rat in skinners box is hungry must turn light on for food. the light is now a secondary reinforcer OR $ to buy food and shelter)

Question 45

over justification effect

Answer 45

phenomenon where being rewarded diminishes the motivation to perform behavior (participation awards)

Question 46

learned helplessness

Answer 46

uncontrollable bad events leads to perceived lack of control leads to generalized helpless behavior leads to depression

Question 47

insight:

Answer 47

a sudden realization of a problems solution