Unit 3- Biological Bases of Behavior (modules 9-14)

Question 1

somatic nervous system function:

Answer 1

controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Question 2

aka of somatic nervous system

Answer 2

skeletal nervous system

Question 3

autonomic nervous system function

Answer 3

controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands

Question 4

parasympathetic nervous system function:

Answer 4

calms you down and conserves energy. you should typically be calm!

Question 5

sympathetic nervous system function:

Answer 5

mobilizes in stressful situations arouses/ try’s to mobilizes the body (fight or flight)

Question 6

3 types of neurons:

Answer 6

sensory, motor, and interneurons

Question 7

sensory neurons:

Answer 7

carry incoming info from sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord (ex: crash course -> learn it)

Question 8

motor (efferent) neurons:

Answer 8

carry out info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands (“oh ____on their phone?” moultons gonna slap them!”

Question 9

interneurons neurons

Answer 9

communicate internally (in brain and spinal cord) and they intervene- goes with spinal reflex (ex: touch flame, spinal cord makes you move away before brain even knows)

Question 10

dopamine

Answer 10

movement, learning attention, and emotions (too much = schizophrenia, not enough = parkinson’s)

Question 11

serotonin

Answer 11

affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal (not enough = depression, wounds don’t heal as well)

Question 12

norepinephrine

Answer 12

helps control alertness and arousal (not enough = depression)

Question 13

GABA

Answer 13

a major inhibitory neurotransmitter (not enough = seizures)

Question 14

acetylcholine

Answer 14

enables muscle action, learning, and memory (low on it = more likely to get alzheimer’s)

Question 15

endorphins

Answer 15

morphine within. linked to pain control and pleasure.

Question 16

glutamate

Answer 16

a major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory (too much overstimulates brain, migraine or seizures)

Question 17

agonists

Answer 17

a molecule that by binding to a receptor site will stimulate a response (“hug 4 responses?”)

Question 18

antagonists

Answer 18

a molecule that by binding to a receptor site, inhibits a response (“hug 4 no response?”)

Question 19

medulla

Answer 19

base of brainstorm. controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 20

pons

Answer 20

unconscious movement from sleeping to breathing

Question 21

cerebellum

Answer 21

“little brain”- processing sensory inputs, coordinates movement output and balance. enables nonverbal learning and movement

Question 22

reticular formation

Answer 22

“information highway” nerve network controls arousal (in brainstem)

Question 23

brainstem

Answer 23

oldest part of brain, responsible for automatic survival functions

Question 24

thalamus

Answer 24

sensory switch board. directs messages to sensory receiving areas in cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla (on top of brainstem)

Question 25

MRI

Answer 25

uses magnetic fields and radio waves to make computer generated images of soft tissue to show brain anatomy

Question 26

fMRI

Answer 26

reveals blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans shows function and structure

Question 27

CAT

Answer 27

X ray pics of different angles compiled together to show your whole

Question 28

PET

Answer 28

visual display of brain activity, detects where radioactivity form of glucose goes while brain performs tasks (usually used to find cancer)

Question 29

EEG

Answer 29

recording of brain waves on brains surface. measured by electrodes placed on scalp

Question 30

lesioning

Answer 30

tissue destruction. brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue

Question 31

corpus callosum

Answer 31

axon fibers connecting 2 hemispheres and has them communicate

Question 32

cerebral cortex

Answer 32

the intricate fabric of interconnected nueral cells covering the hemispheres. (Body’s ultimate control and information processing center)

Question 33

limbic system

Answer 33

donut shaped neural system. located below cerebral hemisphere. associated with emotions and drives

Question 34

hippocampus

Answer 34

conscious memory- stores new memories facts or events

Question 35

thalamus

Answer 35

sensory switch board. directs messages to sensory receiving areas in cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla

Question 36

hypothalamus

Answer 36

*body maintenance*

Question 37

amygdala

Answer 37

*emotions* aggression and fear. fight or flight (2 lima bean sized neuron clusters in limbic system)

Question 38

spinal cord

Answer 38

pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from brain. controls simple reflex’s

Question 39

adrenal gland

Answer 39

sits above kidneys, secrete hormones helps arouse body in times of stress

Question 40

pituitary gland

Answer 40

MASTER GLAND. regulate s growth and controls other endocrine glands controlled by hypothalamus

Question 41

endocrine system

Answer 41

the body’s slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secret hormones into bloodstream

Question 42

thyroid

Answer 42

affect metabolism

Question 43

central and peripheral

Answer 43

main parts of nervous system

Question 44

spinal reflex

Answer 44

simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus such as a knee jerk response

Question 45

action potential

Answer 45

neural impulse- electrical charge traveling down the axon (process of it happening)

Question 46

stimulus threshold

Answer 46

the level required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 47

all-or-none law

Answer 47

a neurons reaction of either firing (w/ full strength responses or not firing) Ex: flush toilet

Question 48

resting potential

Answer 48

negative neurons inside axon. postive neurons outside axons (nothing comes through)

Question 49

synapse

Answer 49

(the gap) the junction between axon tip of the sending neuron and dendrite/ cell body of recieving

Question 50

neurotransmitter

Answer 50

chemical messengers that cross the synapse gap between neurons

Question 51

reuptake

Answer 51

a neurotransmitters reabsorbtion by the sending neuron

Question 52

depolarization

Answer 52

a change (super fast)

Question 53

plasticity

Answer 53

brains ability to change especially during childhood by reorganizing after damage or by building new habits pathways based on experience