Unit 6 Flashcards

Developmental Psychology (48 cards)

1
Q

main issues of developmental psych

A

nature vs. nurture
continuity vs stages
stability vs change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg; enters 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

embryo

A

from 2 weeks after fertilization through 2nd month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fetus

A

developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

terodogens

A

viruses or chemicals that can harm fetus/embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by mothers heavy drinking -> out of proportion head abnormal facial features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

maturation

A

biological growth process that enable orderly changes in behavior; relatively uninfluenced by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Jean piaget

A

studied cognitive develop in children -> 4 major theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PIAGETS 4 MAJOR THEORIES

A
  1. sensorimotor (birth-2yo) babies know world mostly through their sensory and motor experiences + lack object permanence
  2. preoperational (2-6/7) learn to use language but lack logic, egocentric, lack theory of mind
  3. concrete operational (7-11) gain logic for concrete events
  4. formal operational (12->) think logically about abstract ideas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

egocentric

A

Piaget theory of preoperational children’s difficulty imagining others’ perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

theory of mind

A

people’s ideas about their own and others mental states and the behaviors these might predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

schema

A

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

accommodation

A

adapting our current understanding (schemas) to incorporate new information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

emphasized growth through interaction with SOCIAL environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

scaffold (Vygotsky)

A

a framework that offers support as they develop higher levels of thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

zone of proximal development

A

zone between what a child can and can’t do encompassing what a child can do with help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Asperger’s syndrome

A

have normal intelligence even a higher proficiency in a specific area but lack social + communication skills and disregarding irrelevant stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stranger anxiety

A

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display around 8 months of age

21
Q

attachment

A

emotional tie with another person; shown in young children seeking closeness to caregivers & distress from separation

22
Q

imprinting

A

process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

23
Q

strange situation experiment

A

Mary Ainsworth; where a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns. the child’s reactions are observed for attachments effects

24
Q

secure attachment

A

demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver; show only temporary distress when they leave and comfort when they return

25
insecure attachment
demonstrated by infants who show a clinging anxious attachment or an avoidance attachment resisting closeness
26
temperament
a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity genetically influenced
27
basic trust
according to Erik Erikson a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy thanks to secure attachment
28
self concept
all our thoughts & feelings about ourselves to question "who am I?"
29
parenting styles
1. authoritarian parents are coercive. they impose rules & expect obedience 2. permissive parents are unrestraining. they set few limits make few demands and use little punishment 3. negligent parents are uninvolved. they aren't demanding or responsive 4. authoritative parents are confrontive. They are demanding and responsive.
30
adolescence
the transition period from childhood to adulthood extending from puberty to independence
31
puberty
the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
32
Lawrence Kohlberg's moral reasoning
1. preconventional morality: self interest rewards punishments 2. conventional morality: uphold laws/rules for social standing 3. postconventional morality: actions reflect belief in rights/principles
33
identity
our sense of self according to Erikson; the adolescents task to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
34
social identity
that "we" aspect of our social concept; part of our identity that comes from group memberships
35
Erikson's stages
[0-1] Infancy. Basic trust vs mistrust [1-3] Early Childhood. autonomy vs shame [3-6] Play age. initiative vs guilt [6-12] school age. industry vs inferiority [12-19] Adolescence. identity vs confusion [20-25] Early Adulthood. intimacy vs isolation [26-64] adulthood. generativity vs stagnation [65-💀] Old age. integrity vs despair
36
intimacy (Erikson)
the ability to form close loving relationships; a primary development task of young adulthood
37
X Chromosome
the sex chromosome found in both males and females. Females have 2
38
Y Chromosome
sex chromosome found only in males
39
testosterone
most important male sex hormone. both male and female have it but more in males which stimulates growth of male sex organs during fetal period and male sexual development in puberty
40
primary sex characteristics
body structures (ovaries/ testes) needed for sexual reproduction
41
spermarche
the first ejaculation usually by age 14 the main landmark of puberty
42
menarche
the first menstrual period usually within a year of age 12.5
43
intersex
a condition present at birth due to unusual combination of male and female chromosomes hormones and anatomy possessing sexual characteristics of both sexes
44
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS
life threatening sexually transmitted disease caused by HIV; depletes the immune system leaving person vulnerable to infection
45
sexual orientation
our enduring sexual attraction usually toward members of our own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual) variations include attraction toward both sexes (bisexual)
46
alzheimer's disease
causes deterioration of memory and reasoning. 5-20 years -> emotionally flat disoriented inconvenient mentally vacant
47
social clock
the culturally preferred timing of social events (marriage parenthood retirement)
48
secondary sex characteristics
/nonreproductive sexual traits (female breaststroke and hips/ male voice quality and body hair)