Unit 7 Part 1 Flashcards

Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

1
Q

Motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes & directs behavior

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2
Q

instinct

A

complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

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3
Q

physiological needs

A

[a basic bodily requirement] create an aroused motivated state - a drive that pushes us to satisfy that need

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4
Q

drive

A

push to meet a physiological need

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5
Q

drive-reduction theory

A

idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy that need

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6
Q

homeostasis

A

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state regulation of body chemistry to maintain balance

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7
Q

incentive

A

positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

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8
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point beyond which performance decreases; moderate arousal -> optimal performance

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9
Q

ghrelin

A

hormone secreted by empty stomach tells brain ““I’m hungry””

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10
Q

Orexin

A

hunger triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

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11
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by pancreas controls blood glucose

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12
Q

leptin

A

protein hormone from fat cells when abundant brain decreases hunger and increase metabolism

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13
Q

PYY

A

digestive tract hormone tells brain ““I’m not hungry””

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14
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

body’s resting rate of energy output

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15
Q

obesity

A

BMI of 30 or higher

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16
Q

estrogens

A

sex hormones like estradiol contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted most by females peaks during ovulation

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17
Q

refractory period

A

a resting period occurring after orgasm during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm (longer for men)

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18
Q

affiliation

A

the need to belong

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19
Q

affiliation need

A

need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

20
Q

ostracism

A

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups can create activity in brain areas that perceive physical pain

21
Q

achievement motivation

A

desire for significant accomplishment

22
Q

emotion

A

a response of the whole organism involves: physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience

23
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion arousing stimulus
stimulus -> arousal -> emotion

24
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
stimulus -> physiological response - -> experience of emotion

25
Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory
theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label arousal arousal + label = emotion
26
Zajonc and LeDoux's emotion Theories
found 2 neural pathways for emotion Joseph LeDoux's low road" for faster emotional reaction"
27
Primary Emotions
Joy Excitement/Interest Surprise Sadness Anger Disgust Fear Contempt Shame Guilt
28
facial feedback effect
tendency for facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear anger joy
29
behavior feedback effect
tendency for behavior to influence our/others' thoughts feelings or actions
30
Stress
process by which we perceive and respond to certain events stressors that appraise as threatening or challenging;
31
Stressors
1. Catastrophes. unpredictable large scale events 2. Significant Life Changes. crises puts ones at risk 3. Daily Hassles & Social Stress
32
Kurt Lewin's motivational conflict theory
approach-approach: two attractive but incompatible goals avoidance-avoidance: two undesirable choices avoidance-approach: both attracted and repelled
33
Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
concept of body's adaptive response to stress in phases: 1. alarm. SNS activated. Resources mobilized ready to fight back. 2. resistance. Arousal is still high. Adrenal glands pump hormones in blood. With time body's reserves dwindle. 3. exhaustion. become more vulnerable to illness or in extreme cases collapse & death;
34
tend and befriend response
under stress people (esp. women) often provide support to others and bond seek support;
35
health psychology
subfield of psychology that provides psych's contribution to behavioral medicine
36
Stress Cause illness?
No. makes the body more vulnerable to disease
37
Type A
Friedman & Rosenman's terms for competitive
38
Type B
term for easygoing and relaxed people
39
catharsis
idea that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive impulses; expressing anger can amplify anger (behavior feedback effect)
40
mindfulness
meditation reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a non-judgmental and accepting manner
41
positive psychology
scientific study of human flourishing with the goals of discovering & promoting strengths/virtues that help individuals/communities thrive
42
feel good do good phenomenon
people's tendency to be helpful when in a good mood ;
43
subjective well being
self perceived happiness or satisfaction w life. used to evaluate quality of life with objective indicators.;
44
Martin Seligman's 3 Pillars
1. positive wellbeing 2. positive character 3. positive groups communities cultures;
45
adaptation-level phenomenon
tendency to form judgements (of sounds lights income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
46
relative deprivation perception
that one is worse off relative to those whom one compares themselves