Unit 6 Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
refers to increase of VALUE of reinforcer/punisher
A
establishing effect
2
Q
refers to decrease of VALUE of reinforcer/punisher
A
abolishing effect
3
Q
Refers to momentary increase in BEHAVIOR
A
evocative
4
Q
Refers to momentary decrease in BEHAVIOR
A
abative
5
Q
Driving around in the Florida summer without A/C makes me very hot! When I get to my destinations, I go straight to the water coolers and get some water. Being hot increased the value of water, thus it had an:
Establishing Effect
Abolishing Effect
Evocative Effect
Abative Effect
A
Establishing Effect
6
Q
In relation to my getting water, the heat had an: _____ (increased my getting water).
Establishing Effect
Abolishing Effect
Evocative Effect
Abative Effect
A
Evocative Effect
7
Q
Drinking water quenches my thirst, and cools me off, so I stop drinking water. Thus, in relation to drinking, having all that water had an:
Establishing Effect
Abolishing Effect
Evocative Effect
Abative Effect
A
Abative Effect
8
Q
After drinking all that water, someone offers me another glass, and I decline. Thus, quenching my thirst decreased the value of water (momentarily), so quenching had an:
Establishing Effect
Abolishing Effect
Evocative Effect
Abative Effect
A
Abolishing Effect
9
Q
establishes the reinforcing/punishing effectiveness of a consequence
A
establishing operations
10
Q
abolishes the reinforcing/punishing effectiveness of a consequence
A
abolishing operations
11
Q
A stimulus or event that INCREASES the VALUE of a reinforcer or punisher
A
Establishing Operations
12
Q
A stimulus or event that DECREASES the VALUE of a reinforcer or punisher
A
Abolishing Operations
13
Q
Increases the value of (has an establishing effect on) the stimulus as a reinforcer
Has an evocative effect on (evokes) behavior
A
Establishing Operations
14
Q
Decreases the value of (has an abolishing effect on) the stimulus as a reinforcer
Has an abative effect on (abates) behavior
A
Abolishing Operations
15
Q
Increases the value of (has an establishing effect on) the stimulus as a punisher
Has an abative effect on (abates) behavior
A
Establishing Operation
16
Q
Decreases the value of (has an abolishing effect on) the stimulus as a punisher
Has an evocative effect on (evokes) behavior
A
Abolishing Operation
17
Q
They are both antecedent stimuli that evoke behavior! BUT…for different reasons:
SDs evoke behavior due to a history of reinforcement in the presence of that stimulus. They “signal” that reinforcement is available!
EOs evoke behavior because of a momentary increase in the value of reinforcement produced by that behavior in the past. So the outcome of the behavior is MORE reinforcing.
Availability vs. Motivation.
SO, the key question is: does it signal that reinforcement is available, or does it make you want it more??
A
.
18
Q
Driving around in the Florida summer without A/C makes me very hot! When I get to my destinations, I go straight to the water coolers and get some water. Thus the heat served as a:
Establishing Operation (EO) Abolishing Operation (AO) SD
A
Establishing Operation (EO)
19
Q
The water cooler served as a:
Establishing Operation (EO) Abolishing Operation (AO) SD
A
SD
20
Q
I haven’t eaten for several hours. I come up to one of my group homes that always have treats in a basket. I immediately grab a snack when I get there. Not eating for several hours served as a(n)
Discriminative Stimulus (SD) Establishing Operation (EO)
A
Establishing Operation (EO)
21
Q
I haven’t eaten for several hours. I come up to one of my group homes that always have treats in a basket. I immediately grab a snack when I get there. The basket of treats served as a(n):
Discriminative Stimulus (SD) Establishing Operation (EO)
A
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
22
Q
Laurie had a stressful day today. When she sees Paige, she asks her for a cigarette, and she gives her one. The stressful day served as a(n) ___for cigarette smoking.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD) Establishing Operation (EO)
A
Establishing Operation (EO)
23
Q
With respect to asking for a cigarette, the sight of Paige functioned as:
Discriminative Stimulus (SD) Establishing Operation (EO)
A
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
24
Q
An abolishing operation for punishment decreases the value of a stimulus as a punisher, thus we say it has an _______ on the stimulus.
A
abolishing effect
25
An abolishing operation for punishment decreases the value of a stimulus as a punisher; the corresponding effect on behavior would be an:
evocative effect
26
Tom is very successful and makes good money. He takes the highway to work everyday. His salary has had a(n) _______________ on traffic tickets, which he receives frequently, and which do not hinder his speeding.
abolishing effect
27
Thus, Tom's salary has had a(n) _______________ on his speeding.
evocative effect
28
I, on the other hand, barely get by (I’m a poor PhD student). Going back to school caused me to reduce my speeding behavior. My meager income had an _____ on the punishing value of speeding tickets.
establishing effect
29
In negative reinforcement, the aversive stimulus is NOT an SD, it is NEVER an SD. It is an __________ for ______.
EO for escape
30
Alarm goes off, I hit snooze button. The sound of the alarm functions a:
Establishing operation
| The sound of the alarm increases the value of it’s termination as a reinforcer
31
Painful stimulation not only evokes escape behavior, but it also may evoke physical aggression towards others.
Signs of damage are established as__________ for aggressive behavior.
positive reinforcement
32
Conditioned motivating operations:
CMO-T (need something to achieve a result)
CMO-S (pairing)
CMO-R (threat, promise)
.
33
Antecedents in the 4 term contingency can be:
A) Discriminative stimulus and a motivating operation
B) SD and an S∆
C) EO and AO
D) MO and EO
A) Discriminative stimulus and a motivating operation
34
```
When you are deprived of food, this has a(n) ______ effect on that stimulus as a consequence.
A) Behavior-altering
B) Function-altering
C) Value-altering
D) Effective-altering
```
C) Value-altering
35
Which of the following statements is true:
A. A Reinforcer increases the probability that a particular consequence will follow behavior
B. An unconditioned stimulus increases the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer or punisher
C. A discriminative stimulus increases the probability that a particular consequence will follow behavior
D. A motivating operation increases the probability that a particular consequence will follow behavior
C. A discriminative stimulus increases the probability that a particular consequence will follow behavior
36
Motivating operations Increase or decrease the ___________of a consequence as a reinforcer or punisher
effectiveness
37
In relation to finding a text message when you pick up your cell phone, hearing a “ding” sound is relevant to the concept of:
Both availability and value
Availability
Neither availability nor value
Value
Availability
38
In relation to a late fee for submitting form after the due date, trying to save money to go on a vacation is relevant to the concept of:
Both availability and value
Availability
Neither availability nor value
Value
Value
39
In relation to getting cooler, the sight of the thermostat is relevant to the concept of
Both availability and value
Availability
Neither availability nor value
Value
Availability
40
In relation to getting cooler, a current hot temperature is relevant to the concept of:
Both availability and value
Availability
Neither availability nor value
Value
value
41
Who coined the term abolishing operation?
Michael
42
Who first introduced the term establishing operation?
Keller and Schoenfeld
43
MOs have ______ effects on behavior and consequences
Immediate and momentary
44
Not having eaten for 6 hours increases the effectiveness of chocolate chip cookies to function as a reinforcer. Which of the following best describes this effect?
A) Value-altering effect: abolishing effect
B) Value-altering effect: establishing effect
C) Behavior-altering effect: evocative effect
D) Behavior-altering: establishing effect
B) Value-altering effect: establishing effect
45
After my bf broke up with me, I made myself some chocolate chip cookies. Which of the following best describes the effect of my bf breaking up with me in relation to making cookies?
A. Value-altering effect: abolishing effect
B. Value-altering effect: establishing effect
C. Behavior-altering effect: evocative effect
D. Behavior-altering: establishing effect
C. Behavior-altering effect: evocative effect
46
Types of value-altering effects include
A) Function-altering
B) Establishing and Evocative
C)Evocative and Abative
D) Establishing and Abolishing
D) Establishing and Abolishing
47
If a motivating operation decreases the value of a consequence to function as an effective form of punishment, we call it an:
Abative effect
Evocative effect
Abolishing effect
Establishing effect
Abolishing effect
48
If a motivating operation increases the value of a consequence to function as an effective form of punishment we call it an:
Abative effect
Evocative effect
Abolishing effect
Establishing effect
Establishing effect
49
Painful stimulation increases the current frequency of any behavior that has resulted in relief in the past and depicts an:
Abative effect
Evocative effect
Abolishing effect
Establishing effect
Evocative effect
50
Painful stimulation increases the value of relief as a consequence for behavior, thus it has a:
Abative effect
Evocative effect
Abolishing effect
Establishing effect
Establishing effect
51
It’s 90 degrees outside. Penny asks if anyone would like an ice cream and Sheldon raises his hand, then Penny hands him an ice cream cone. Which antecedent changed the frequency of behavior, the effectiveness of the consequence and influenced the evocative effect of other antecedents
A. The high temperature
B. Penny asking who wants ice cream
C. The ice cream
D. A and B
A. The high temperature
52
Which of the following conditions best exemplify differential availability of reinforcement
A. When Penny is around if Sheldon asks for ice cream then she gets him an ice cream/ If Penny is not around if Sheldon asks for ice cream then he does not get ice cream
B. When it is hot outside/When Penny is around if Sheldon asks for ice cream then she gets him ice cream
C. When Penny is around if Sheldon asks for ice cream then she gets him ice cream/ If Leonard is around if Sheldon asks him for ice cream then Leonard yells at him
D. If it is hot outside Sheldon asks for an ice cream/if it is cold outside Sheldon does not ask for ice cream
A. When Penny is around if Sheldon asks for ice cream then she gets him an ice cream/ If Penny is not around if Sheldon asks for ice cream
53
Satiation and deprivation would have what kind of an effect on a consequent stimulus?
Function altering
Dimension altering
Value altering
Behavior altering
Value altering
54
Discriminative stimuli
Always evoke behavior
Always abate behavior
Evoke or abate behavior
Always increase the probability that a particular consequence will follow behavior
Evoke or abate behavior
55
Which of the following will decrease the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer of punisher?
EO
AO
Sdelta
Sdp
AO
56
The effect that water deprivation has on the value of water is
Reinforcer-abolishing effect
Reinforcer-establishing effect
Reinforcer-evocative effect
Punisher-establishing effect
Reinforcer-establishing effect
57
The effect that finishing drinking a 48oz Big Gulp from 7/11 has on the value of water as a consequence is
Abative effect
Evocative effect
Abolishing effect
Establishing effect
Abolishing effect
58
Which of the following is true of abolishing operations
Abolishing operations have punishing effects
Abolishing operations can have evocative effects
Abolishing operations can have establishing effects
Abolishing operations can have signaling effects
Abolishing operations can have evocative effects
59
Conditioned motivating operations are of ____________ provenance
Ontogentic
Phylogenic
Behavioral
Process
Ontogentic
60
Unconditioned motivating operations are of _____________ provenance
Ontogentic
Phylogenic
Behavioral
Process
Phylogenic
61
Which of the following is an example of a conditioned motivating operation
Painful stimulation
Being too cold or warm
Deprivation of attention
Deprivation or satiation of food, water, sleep, activity and oxygen
Deprivation of attention
62
Rachel hates math but loves reading. If students in Ms. Smith’s class engage in any problem behavior during class, she sends them to the time out corner, where they have to sit quietly on a bean bag and read a book. Rachel now acts out whenever they are working on math problems. What effect did the math problems have in relation to getting out of work?
EO: Reinforcement
AO: Reinforcement
AO: punishment
EO: punishment
EO: Reinforcement
63
```
Rachel LOVES art class and never engages in problem behavior during art which she enjoys even more than reading. What effect does being in art class have in relation to being sent to the time out as a consequence?
EO: Reinforcement
AO: Reinforcement
AO: punishment
EO: punishment
```
EO: punishment
64
```
Rachel LOVES art class and never engages in problem behavior during art which she enjoys even more than reading. What effect does being in art class have in relation to getting out of the activity?
EO: Reinforcement
AO: Reinforcement
AO: punishment
EO: punishment
```
AO: Reinforcement
65
```
Tom threatens Catalina that if she does not quit watching Netflix and finish writing test questions that he will smite her with a big stick. Tom’s threat abated Catalina’s TV watching and functioned as a
UEO
CEO-R
CEO-T
SDP
```
SDP
66
SDs evoke behavior as a result of:
A) A process of differentiation
B) A history of differential reinforcement through which the behavior was reinforced in its presence
C) A history of pairing
D) Behavior altering effects that lead to value-altering effects
B) A history of differential reinforcement through which the behavior was reinforced in its presence
67
Which statement best relates to the concept of Discriminative Stimuli?
A) How likely is it that behavior will be maintained or increase in the future?
B) How likely is it that the consequence will function as a reinforcer or punisher?
C) How likely is it that the consequence will follow a specific response in this situation?
D) How likely is it that the consequence will be valuable?
C) How likely is it that the consequence will follow a specific response in this situation?
68
An antecedent stimulus which is correlated with the unavailability of reinforcement is:
S delta
69
```
If the consequence occurs now, how likely is it to be effective as reinforcement or punishment for that response? This statement relates to:
A) Setting Events
B) Discriminative Stimuli
C) Respondent Conditioning
D) Motivating Operations
```
D) Motivating Operations
70
An SDP_______ behavior.
Abates
71
An EO for negative reinforcement________ behavior.
evokes
72
Jim learns to say Skittle when he sees a “Skittle”. Now, Jim also says “Skittle” when he sees M&Ms, Reese’s Pieces, and Gummi Bears. This is an example of:
stimulus Generalization
73
Response Generalization is the opposite of:
Differentiation
74
Stimulus Generalization is the opposite of:
Discrimination
75
Whenever Jimmy hits other kids he gets sent to time out. Jimmy LOVES circle time but doesn’t like math very much. He rarely hits kids during circle time but he hits kids often during math. Circle time is a __________ for timeout (punishment).
EO
76
Whenever Jimmy hits other kids he gets sent to time out. Jimmy LOVES circle time but doesn’t like math very much. He rarely hits kids during circle time but he hits kids often during math. Math is a __________ for timeout (punishment).
AO
77
I reinforced my boyfriend’s flower giving behavior but now he also gives me chocolate and massages my feet. This is an example of:
Response Generalization
78
Sleep deprivation makes sleep a more effective form of reinforcement. This is a(n):
Establishing effect
79
Very cold temperatures increase the current frequency of all behavior that has resulted in higher temperatures. This is a(n):
Evocative effect
80
Tim is a lifeguard in Miami. The higher the temperature is outside, the more likely it is that he will complain and jump in the water. In relation to Tim jumping in the water, the hot temperature functioned as:
Establishing Operation (EO)
81
Susan is on a road trip to visit her brother. As she is driving, her check engine light turns on. She keeps driving for miles until she finally sees a sign that says "mechanic." She immediately pulls into the mechanic and has them check her car. In relation to pulling into the mechanic, the lit check engine light functioned as:
Establishing Operation (EO)
82
In relation to pulling into the mechanic, the sign that said "mechanic" functioned as:
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
83
A mom tells her children at the park that it is time to go home. The kids continue to play. She finally says, "if you don't come this instant, I am leaving without you!" The kids immediately leave the playground. In relation to the kids leaving the playground, the mom's statement functioned as:
Establishing Operation (EO)
84
Kevin frequently bangs his against the wall. He is more likely to bang his head when his parents are busy, reading or watching TV. He never bangs his head when his parents are playing with him, talking to him, or reading him stories. Long periods of time without his parent's attention evoke head banging and functions as:
Establishing Operation (EO)
85
When Kevin Bangs his head, mom just ignores him but dad yells at him and tells him to stop. Kevin is much more likely to bang his head when dad is home than when mom is home. In relation to Kevin's head banging, mom functions as:
S Delta
86
Christie received a package in the mail. She tried to open it but couldn't because it was taped shut. She asked her mom where the scissors were. In relation to Kristie asking her mom for scissors, the taped package functioned as:
Establishing Operation (EO)
87
Jesus is a 10 year old boy who likes to wrestle with his little brother, Joey. Whenever Jesus gets bullied and beat up at school, he wrestles rougher with Joey. In relation to rougher wrestling, getting beat up functions as:
Establishing Operation (EO)
88
After a bank robbery, Sam is brought into the police station for questioning. The police asked him many questions but he refused to give them any information. Finally, a police officer grabbed Sam's arm and began twisting it. Sam immediately told the police the names of the people who robbed the bank. In relation to Sam telling the police who did it, the twisting of the arm functioned as:
Establishing Operation (EO)
89
When smokers say that drinking makes them crave a cigarette, they are referring to the fact that in relation to smoking a cigarette, drinking an alcoholic beverage functions as:
Establishing Operation (EO)
90
When Megan hears her friends playing tag outside, she rushes out the front door. In relation to rushing out the front door, hearing her friends play tag functions as:
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
