Unit 7

Question 1

Presentation evokes behavior that terminates it (CMO-R)
Offset strengthens behavior that precedes its offset. (Negative Reinforcer)
Onset weakens behavior that precedes its onset. (Positive Punisher)
It may Elicit smooth muscle and gland responses. (US or CS)

Answer 1

aversive stimulus

Question 2

Onset strengthens behavior that precedes its onset (positive reinforcer)
Offset weakens behavior that precedes its offset (Negative Punisher)
Abates behavior that removes it
It may Elicit smooth muscle and gland responses (US or CS)

Answer 2

Appetitive Stimulus

Question 3

Which of the following is an aversive stimulus?

A)Establishing operation for negative punishment
B)Negative punisher
C)Positive reinforcer
D)Positive punisher

Answer 3

D)Positive punisher

Question 4

An appetitive stimulus can evoke behavior that terminates it.

T or F

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Its removal weakens behavior that removes it:

Answer 5

Appetitive Stimulus

Question 6

Its offset strengthens behavior that precedes its offset:

Answer 6

Aversive Stimulus

Question 7

Its offset strengthens behavior that precedes its offset, therefore it’s:

A)EO for negative reinforcement
B)SP+ or Sp+
C)SR- or Sr-
D)UE or CE

Answer 7

C)SR- or Sr-

Question 8

Shock is an omnibus term.

T or F

Answer 8

false

Question 9

Cheesecake elicits salivation, reinforces behavior that precedes its onset, its offset punishes behavior that precedes its offset, and it can establish its own removal as a form of punishment. Due to these different effects, cheesecake is:

A)A positive reinforcer
B)An appetitive stimulus
C)An aversive stimulus
D) An evocative stimulus

Answer 9

B)An appetitive stimulus

Question 10

An unconditioned stimulus:

A) Elicits a conditioned response
B) Doesn’t have an effect on behavior
C) Is the stimulus part of an unconditioned reflex
D) Is a conditioned conditioner

Answer 10

C) Is the stimulus part of an unconditioned reflex

Question 11

Complex behavior consisting of two or more discrete response components that occur in a definite order.
A specific sequence of responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition.
The stimuli that occur between two responses in a chain are called links.

Answer 11

Behavior Chain

Question 12

Any of the response CAN occur independently of the previous response
Any response may produce the terminal reinforcer
Any response may produce unconditioned reinforcers

Answer 12

Response Hierarchy

Question 13

In a response class hierarchy, which response can result in the terminal reinforcer?

Answer 13

Any

Question 14

In a behavior chain, which response can result in the terminal reinforcer?

Answer 14

Only the final

Question 15

When my puppy needs to go outside, first he stands by the door. If I don’t open it, he then begins to scratch the door. If I still don’t open it, he begins to whimper and whine. This is an example of:

Answer 15

Response class hierarchy

Question 16

In a behavior chain, the stimulus change produced by the first response functions as a(n)_________ for the second response.

Answer 16

SD

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a complex behavior which is completed by a behavior chain?

Sneezing
Hugging
Making a sandwich
Turning on the TV

Answer 17

Making a sandwich

Question 18

Same as response generalization!

Answer 18

Induction

Question 19

Differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target topography

Answer 19

shaping

Question 20

I’m teaching a child to say, “apple” when he wants an apple. At first, I gave him an apple when he said, “Ah.” Then I would give him an apple if he said, “Apa” (I no longer reinforced “Ah”). Finally, I stopped reinforcing “Apa,” and gave him an apple only when he said, “Apple.” This change in behavior is an example of

A)Discrimination training
B)Shaping across topographies
C)Shaping within topographies
D)Stimulus generalization


Answer 20

B)Shaping across topographies

Question 21

Parameters of Reinforcement

Answer 21

Magnitude
Quantity
Duration

Question 22

FR 1
Each and every single response that is emitted is reinforced
Reinforcement occurs each and every single time the behavior occurs.

Answer 22

CRF

Question 23

A schedule of non-reinforcement

Specifies that no occurrence of the behavior is ever reinforced.

Answer 23

Extinction

Question 24

generally used to establish or strengthen behavior

Answer 24

Continuous reinforcement

Question 25

used to maintain already established behavior.

Answer 25

Intermittent reinforcement

Question 26

continuous reinforcement is _______ resistant to extinction

Answer 26

least

Question 27

intermittent reinforcement is _______ resistant to extinction

Answer 27

most

Question 28

The two schedules of reinforcement that serve as boundaries for all other schedules are:

Answer 28

CRF and Extinction

Question 29

a rule that describes which responses will be followed by a reinforcer and which will not

Answer 29

A schedule of reinforcement

Question 30

Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses

Answer 30

ratio

Question 31

Reinforcement is delivered for the FIRST response after a certain amount of time since the previous reinforcement

Answer 31

interval

Question 32

The number of responses, or amount of time, remains the same Fixed ratio: every 3rd response, every 15th response, etc. Fixed interval: the first response after 6 minutes have elapsed, every 10th day

Answer 32

fixed

Question 33

Amount of time, or number of responses is random, but centers around a particular value Variable ratio: about every 3rd response, on average every 15th response Variable interval: the first response after an average of 6 minutes have elapsed

Answer 33

variable

Question 34

Simple Intermittent Schedules

Answer 34

* Fixed Ratio (FR) * Variable Ratio (VR) * Fixed Interval (FI) * Variable Interval (VI)

Question 35

``` • Fixed Time (FT) • Variable Time (VT) Regardless of what they’re doing Non-contingent stimulus presentation Superstitious behavior- Skinner ```

Answer 35

time based schedules

Question 36

A restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring that the response occur within a specified time limit following the interval to be eligible for reinforcement. If not, the interval is re-started. May lead to some increase in rate, but no change in pattern.

Answer 36

limited hold

Question 37

An FI 4 schedule dictates that a reinforcer is delivered: Every 4th minute After every 4th response For the first response after every 4th minute About every 4th response For the first response after an average of 4 minutes

Answer 37

For the first response after every 4th minute

Question 38

My boyfriend is very clingy and calls me every 15 mins to see where I am. I got tired of his constant calls so now I answer the phone only if it has been a half hour since the last time we spoke.

Answer 38

Fixed Interval (FI 30)

Question 39

I get mail every day but the mailman doesn’t always come at the same time. Checking my mailbox is on what schedule?

Answer 39

Variable Interval (VI)

Question 40

Your favorite show is an hour long and comes on every day at 5. If you turn on your TV 23 hrs since you last saw your show, the show will be on. If you turn on your TV 24 hrs since you last saw your show, the show will not be on.

Answer 40

Fixed Interval w/limited hold

Question 41

High rates, but post reinforcement pause. “All or nothing”

Answer 41

FR

Question 42

Consistent & steady, very high rates

Answer 42

VR

Question 43

Slow to moderate rates; post pause, then gradual acceleration - “scallop”

Answer 43

FI

Question 44

Consistent & stable; low to moderate rates

Answer 44

VI

Question 45

Produce unsteady responding Responding tends to occur in a pause and burst pattern Thinner the schedule, longer the pause Post reinforcement pause

Answer 45

fixed schedules

Question 46

Produce steady responding | Less pausing after reinforcement occurs

Answer 46

variable schedules

Question 47

_____ schedules produce high rates of responding

Answer 47

ratio

Question 48

_____ schedules produce low to moderate rates of responding

Answer 48

interval

Question 49

If a ratio schedule is thinned too quickly, one gets ______

Answer 49

ratio strain

Question 50

Which schedule of reinforcement will produce steady, high-rate behavior?

Answer 50

VR

Question 51

Produces a “scalloped” pattern of responding:

Answer 51

FI

Question 52

_______ require that a minimum number of responses occur in a given time period. The criteria for reinforcement is set between the average baseline rate and the highest rate during baseline; but usually just slightly above the average baseline rate.

Answer 52

DRH schedules

Question 53

In a DRH, the criteria for reinforcement is initially set…

Answer 53

Just above the average baseline rate

Question 54

Bobby can do an average of 6 multiplication-table problems in 1 minute. His teacher will give him a star (a reinforcer) if he does 8 in one minute. What type of procedure is the teacher using

Answer 54

DRH

Question 55

_____ schedules- are available at the same time, relates to matching law

Answer 55

concurrent

Question 56

____ schedules- one schedule on, then off, then next schedule on; signaled! (stimulus control)

Answer 56

multiple

Question 57

___ schedule- same as multiple, only no signal

Answer 57

mixed | without the signal, you’re all mixed up!

Question 58

_____ schedule: meet first schedule, then signal, then meet next criteria, then reinforcement

Answer 58

Chained

Question 59

____ schedule: Same as chained, but with no SDs!

Answer 59

Tandem

Question 60

During ‘activity time’, students can play with blocks, or color, or read a book, or use the computer

Answer 60

Concurrent

Question 61

During Math, Mr. Rogers reinforces hand raising on a CRF schedule. After math, Ms. Kelly comes in to teach Reading and reinforces hand raising on an interval schedule. Finally, after reading, Mr. Rogers comes back to teach Science.

Answer 61

Multiple

Question 62

You’re doing laundry. First you put each piece of clothing in the washer machine (VR15). This results in the sight of an empty basket, and the sight of the full washer. Then you twist off the lid of the detergent (VR2). This results in an open container. Then you pour the soap in the washer (FR1)….

Answer 62

Chained

Question 63

Brittany gets a phone call and now she must decide whether to stay home and watch True Blood or go out with her friends to the local bar. This scenario demonstrates a _____ schedule of Sr+.

Answer 63

Concurrent

Question 64

Both the multiple & mixed schedules present alternating reinforcer schedules, but they differ in one major way. In the multiple schedule, there are clear and different ____, while in the mixed schedule there are not. Establishing operations Parameters of reinforcement Conditioned stimuli present Stimuli present which are associated with the different schedules

Answer 64

Stimuli present which are associated with the different schedules

Question 65

Reinforcement schedule changes from VI 5 to an FR 3 without any stimulus change.

Answer 65

mixed

Question 66

If rate of behavior decreases in one setting due to decreases in schedule of reinforcement (extinction), it may increase in another setting where NO change has been made or vice versa

Answer 66

behavioral contrast

Question 67

A behavior analyst starts to provide in-home service for Clover, a very aggressive 7-year-old girl. The program works, and her aggressions go down in the home, but soon the school reports that she is becoming more aggressive there. She receives no ABA services at school. This increase in her aggression is most likely due to what effect?

Answer 67

Behavioral Contrast

Question 68

I teach Watson to perform tricks (spin, walk backwards, crawl) in my kitchen. I’m later happy to see that he performs his tricks at the park and when I take him to my friend’s house! This exemplifies:

Answer 68

Stimulus generalization

Question 69

Little Timmy says, “Daddy” when he sees his dad, his uncle, and his teacher. Saying “Daddy” only gets reinforced with praise when he says it when he sees his dad. Eventually, Little Timmy says, “Daddy” only when he sees his dad. This exemplifies:

Answer 69

Discrimination

Question 70

If I clap my hands once, my lights will turn on. If I clap my hands twice, they will turn off. My lights will only turn off if the 2 claps are no more than a second apart. This closely resembles:

Answer 70

DRH – IRT

Question 71

Its presentation evokes behavior that terminates it:

Answer 71

Aversive Stimulus

Question 72

Produces “all or none” pattern of responding; post-reinforcement pause followed by burst of responding

Answer 72

FR

Question 73

Produces steady, low to moderate rate of responding

Answer 73

VI

Question 74

What term refers to the multiple functions of a stimulus?

Answer 74

Omnibus term

Question 75

Which of the following is an omnibus term? Aversive Stimulus Punisher Shock Motivating operation

Answer 75

Aversive Stimulus

Question 76

_________ schedules are to chained schedules what mixed schedules are to ________ schedules.

Answer 76

Tandem, Multiple

Question 77

DRH IRT schedules are similar to DRH, except the contingency governs times between successive responses as opposed to responses per unit of time.

Answer 77

.

Question 78

The ______ law (Hernstein, 1961) states that organisms match relative rates of behavior to relative rates of reinforcement.

Answer 78

matching

Question 79

________ is the rule which describes or specifies which responses will be followed by reinforcement and which will not.

Answer 79

A schedule of reinforcement