Unit 8

Question 1

Traditional analyses of language focus on:

Answer 1

Structure

Question 2

In contrast, Skinner’s analyses of language focus on:

Answer 2

function

Question 3

Language develops as a result of ___ selection

Answer 3

cultural

Question 4

Is it verbal behavior?

Talking

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Is it verbal behavior?

Following directions

Answer 5

no

Question 6

Is it verbal behavior?

Reading

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Is it verbal behavior?

Pointing, waving, sign language

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

Is it verbal behavior?

understanding

Answer 8

no

Question 9

the one doing the communicating (talking, etc.)

speaker = verbal behavior

Answer 9

Speaker

Question 10

the one doing the reinforcing – behaves in relation to what the speaker is saying
listener ≠ verbal behavior

Answer 10

Listener

Question 11

Which of the following behaviors could be verbal?

A)Making coffee

B)Hitting others

C)Signing

D)Tantruming


Answer 11

Signing

Question 12

A critical component of the definition of verbal behavior includes:

Answer 12

Mediated by a trained audience

Question 13

The listener engages in verbal behavior.

T or F

Answer 13

false

Question 14

_____ is a better term to describe the speaker, while _____ is a better term to describe the listener.

Answer 14

The verbalizer, the mediator

Question 15

The audience is composed of ________ who belong to a trained verbal community

Answer 15

listeners

Question 16

Also known as RECEPTIVE language
Reinforces the behavior of the speaker
Following directions, commands, etc.
Acting appropriately in response to speaker

Answer 16

listener behavior

Question 17

When someone engages in a receptive response, she is considered a…

Answer 17

listener

Question 18

Non-verbal behavior under the control of a verbal stimulus

Answer 18

Receptive language

Question 19

Listener behavior or mediator behavior are better terms for:

Answer 19

Receptive language

Question 20

Is this receptive language? 
Turning on the TV when asked.

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

Is this receptive language?
Nodding after hearing Jose ask, “do you understand?”

Answer 21

no

Question 22

Is this receptive language?
Pouring soda when you’re thirsty.

Answer 22

no

Question 23

Is this receptive language?
Pouring soda when someone asks you to.

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

Response looks the same, but what is selected indicates difference.
Examples: pointing to pictures, handing objects, etc

Answer 24

selection based

Question 25

What is said is different, what is written differs, what is gestured, etc Each response LOOKS different. Examples: writing, signing, talking

Answer 25

topography based

Question 26

Selection-based or Topography-based?
I tell you I want french fries, not tater tots.

Answer 26

Topography-based

Question 27

Selection-based or Topography-based? | You show me a picture of milk and a picture of juice. I point to the picture of milk.

Answer 27

Selection-based

Question 28

Selection-based or Topography-based? | (If this were verbal behavior)
I click on a link on a website

Answer 28

Selection-based

Question 29

Selection-based or Topography-based? | I write my answer to the test question.

Answer 29

Topography-based

Question 30

Selection-based or Topography-based? | Sign Language:

Answer 30

Topography-based

Question 31

``` A higher-order operant response class Evoke behavior that has not been shaped or maintained by environmental contingencies Can become insensitive to environmental contingencies Rules alter the function of other stimuli ```

Answer 31

rule governed behavior

Question 32

Behavior acquired via immediate reinforcement contingencies | Behavior is learned through shaping and maintained by coming into contact with environmental events

Answer 32

Contingency-Shaped Behavior

Question 33

Alison didn’t study for a test and as a result, received a bad grade. After that incident, Alison began to study before every test and she received a good grade every time she did. Now Alison always studies for tests. Her studying behavior is best conceptualized as:

Answer 33

Contingency-shaped behavior


Question 34

Kim told Alison that if she swallows watermelon seeds, a plant will grow in her stomach. As a result, Alison never swallowed watermelon seeds and always spit them out. Alison’s behavior is an example of:

Answer 34

Rule-governed behavior

Question 35

true or false Rule-governed behavior is under the control of antecedent verbal stimuli known as rules.

Answer 35

true

Question 36

true or false Rule-governed behavior is maintained by the specific environmental contingencies specified in the rule .

Answer 36

false

Question 37

true or false Rule-governed behavior is a type of higher order operant response class .

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Not ALL responses are verbal behavior motor imitation refers to imitation of NON-verbal non-vocal responses while mimetic refers to imitation of VERBAL non-vocal responses

Answer 38

.

Question 39

It occurs when the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus matches the beginning, middle, and end of the response. CAT - - - CAT

Answer 39

Point-to-point Correspondence

Question 40

They (a) share the same sense mode (visual, auditory, tactile) and (b) physically resemble each other.

Answer 40

Formal similarity

Question 41

A verbal response that has BOTH point-to-point correspondence AND formal similarity with the verbal stimulus that preceded it Ex: echoic, mimetic, copying text (sound/ sound, verbal action/verbal action, written/written) Duplicate

Answer 41

Duplic

Question 42

A verbal response that has point-to-point correspondence BUT NOT formal similarity with the verbal stimulus that preceded it Ex: reading out loud, dictating (written/speech, speech/written) Code

Answer 42

Codic

Question 43

a verbal response that is evoked by a verbal stimulus and has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the verbal stimulus that evoked it

Answer 43

duplic

Question 44

Is this a duplic? 
Saying “bless you” after someone sneezes

Answer 44

no

Question 45

Is this a duplic?
Saying, “bless you” after hearing someone say, “bless you”

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

Is this a duplic?
Writing “bless you” after seeing the text “bless you”

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

a verbal response that is evoked by a verbal stimulus and has point-to-point correspondence but NO formal similarity with the verbal stimulus that evoked it

Answer 47

codic

Question 48

Is this a codic?
Saying “bless you” after hearing someone else say “bless you”

Answer 48

no

Question 49

Is this a codic?
Saying “bless you” after hearing someone sneeze.

Answer 49

no

Question 50

Is this a codic?
Saying “bless you” after seeing the words “bless you” written on a tissue box

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

Controlled by motivational variables Reinforcer is generally what was asked for A request, command, demand, greeting, question, etc.

Answer 51

mand

Question 52

Antecedent is a nonverbal stimulus Can tact an object, action, relation (bigger, closer), feature, function, class, location (in, on, under) Contact

Answer 52

tact

Question 53

Antecedent is a verbal stimulus NO point-to-point correspondence May or may not have the same modality Comprises most of conversational language Examples (intraverbal relation is in PURPLE) Translations from another language (stimulus: “water”, response: “aqua”) Fill-in the blanks (stimulus: “A... B... C... D”, response: “E… F… G…”) Answers to questions (stimulus: “who is the president?”, response “Obama”; stimulus: “what is 2+2?”, response: “four” Word associations (stimulus: “cat”, response: “dog”)

Answer 53

intraverbal

Question 54

The strength of a single response may be, and usually is, a function of more than one variable…

Answer 54

multiple control

Question 55

Which of the following is not an elementary verbal operant? A) Echoic
 B) A duplic 
C) Verb 
D) An Intraverbal

Answer 55

Verb

Question 56

I say “popcorn” as a result of smelling popcorn, and as a result of being deprived of food. This is an example of:

Answer 56

multiple control

Question 57

true or false You can tact words.

Answer 57

false

Question 58

Which of the following is an example of a tact? I say “Watson” when…. A) I want him to stop chewing on my shoes
 B) I come home and see him
 C) I see his name on his name tag
 D) Someone asks me what is my dog’s name


Answer 58

B) I come home and see him

Question 59

A tact is maintained by…

Answer 59

Generalized conditioned social reinforcer

Question 60

Which verbal operant is under the control of an establishing operation for reinforcement?

Answer 60

mands

Question 61

Which of the following is a duplic response? A) Motor imitation
 B) Echoic
 C) Intraverbal 
D) Taking dictation

Answer 61

B) Echoic


Question 62

Select the example of the mimetic: A) Signing, "cat" as a result of seeing your classmate sign, “Sniffy"
 B) Finger spelling “cat” as a result of seeing your classmate finger spell “cat”
 C) Crossing your arms as a result of seeing your classmate cross her arms
 D) Finger spelling, "cat" as a result of seeing the written word, "cat"


Answer 62

B) Finger spelling “cat” as a result of seeing your classmate finger spell “cat”

Question 63

A verbal response that is evoked by a verbal stimulus and has point-to-point correspondence but NO formal similarity with the verbal stimulus that evoked it:

Answer 63

codic

Question 64

As a result of seeing a mouse, you say “gross”

Answer 64

tact

Question 65

As a result of discovering that your keys are missing, you say, “where are my keys?”

Answer 65

mand

Question 66

A verbal response under the control of a non-verbal stimulus is a:

Answer 66

tact

Question 67

As a result of hearing Jose say, “gato”, you say, “cat”:

Answer 67

intraverbal

Question 68

Saying the same thing someone else just said (echoic), copying text, and signing what you see someone else sign (mimetic) are all examples of:

Answer 68

duplic

Question 69

A verbal response that is evoked by a verbal stimulus and has no point-to-point correspondence and no formal similarity is:

Answer 69

intraverbal

Question 70

As a result of seeing a stop sign, you hit the brakes

Answer 70

receptive

Question 71

As a result of hearing, “write your name”, you write, “write your name”

Answer 71

codic

Question 72

As a result of hearing, “write your name”, you say “write your name”

Answer 72

duplic