Unit 6 Collumn 1

Question 1

Transformation Experiment

Answer 1

an experiment that demonstrates the process of bacteria taking up and incorporating external genetic material (DNA) from their environment

Question 2

Plasmid

Answer 2

a small

Question 3

Hershey and Chase Experiment

Answer 3

Bacteriophage experiment. Proteins and DNA were tagged with a radioisotope and tracked as a virus attacked a bacteria. DNA entered cell

Question 4

Chargaff Rule

Answer 4

A-T

Question 5

Purine

Answer 5

A and G

Question 6

Pyrimidine

Answer 6

T and C

Question 7

Sugar Phosphate Backbone

Answer 7

a chain of alternating sugar and phosphate groups that forms the structural framework of DNA and RNA

Question 8

Double Helix

Answer 8

twisting shape of DNA

Question 9

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 9

bond due to polar charges

Question 10

DNA Replication

Answer 10

process of copying DNA during S phase for Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 11

Semiconservative Replication

Answer 11

the process by which DNA is copied to create two new DNA strands

Question 12

Leading Strand

Answer 12

a strand of new DNA that is synthesized continuously and is complementary to the parental DNA strand

Question 13

Lagging Strand

Answer 13

The lagging strand is synthesized in small fragments called Okazaki fragments.The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously because the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions.

Question 14

Topoisomerase

Answer 14

Flattens out DNA for replication

Question 15

Helicase

Answer 15

“unzips” DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 16

SSB

Answer 16

keeps DNA separated after helicase separates the bases

Question 17

RNA Primase

Answer 17

creates RNA primer so DNA polymerase III can attach

Question 18

DNA Polymerase III

Answer 18

creates the complimentary strand of DNA to the original template strand

Question 19

DNA Polymerase I

Answer 19

replaces the RNA primers with DNA

Question 20

Ligase

Answer 20

connects the phosphate-sugar backbone at the end of replication

Question 21

Primer

Answer 21

complementary section of RNA that provides an attachment point for DNA polymerase III

Question 22

Okazaki Fragment

Answer 22

sections of complementary DNA created for the lagging strand during DNA replication

Question 23

Protein Synthesis

Answer 23

creation of proteins

Question 24

Transcription

Answer 24

complementary strand of mRNA created off of a template DNA strand for a gene

Question 25

Translation

Answer 25

protein created from ribosome reading mRNA

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 27

RNA

Answer 27

ribonucleic acid

Question 28

Nucleotide

Answer 28

monomer for Nucleic acids

Question 29

Amino Acid

Answer 29

monomer for proteins

Question 30

R

Answer 30

Group - 20 different possibilities that are the functional component of the amino acid

Question 31

Ribose

Answer 31

sugar for RNA

Question 32

Deoxyribose

Answer 32

sugar for DNA

Question 33

Phosphate

Answer 33

phosphorus and 4 oxygens

Question 34

Messenger RNA

Answer 34

carries the genetic information for a gene from nucleus to the ribosomes. Created as a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA gene template strand

Question 35

Transfer RNA

Answer 35

tRNA has an anti-codon that is complementary to the mRNA codon. An amino acid is attached to the opposite end of the anticodon on the tRNA. The Amino acid is specific to the anticodon.

Question 36

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 36

RNA component of the ribosome

Question 37

Template Strand

Answer 37

original strand that the complementary strand is built/paired with.

Question 38

Complementary Strand

Answer 38

new strand that is built/paired with the original template strand

Question 39

Ribosome

Answer 39

site of protein synthesis. A site

Question 40

RNA Polymerase

Answer 40

builds the mRNA from the template DNA strand

Question 41

Central Dogma

Answer 41

a theory that describes how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 42

Codon

Answer 42

3 letter base sequence on mRNA that holds the information for what amino acid is needed in the gene sequence

Question 43

Anticodon

Answer 43

3 letter tRNA complement that ensures the correct amino acid is brought to the ribosome to correlate to the mRNA codon.

Question 44

Redundancy

Answer 44

multiple codons per amino acids to allow for mistakes to happen but still code for the same amino acid

Question 45

Initiation

Answer 45

start of transcription at the promoter region by RNA polymerase

Question 46

Elongation

Answer 46

building of the complementary mRNA strand from the original DNA template strand by adding one nucleotide on at a time

Question 47

Termination

Answer 47

release of mRNA from RNA polymerase

Question 48

Spliceosome

Answer 48

helps to remove introns from mRNA in finishing process

Question 49

MicroRNA/siRNA

Answer 49

small codes of RNA that are important for gene regulation. Death tags for mRNA to limit lifespan of mRNA

Question 50

Wobble Hypothesis

Answer 50

a theory that explains how a single amino acid can be coded for by multiple codons.

Question 51

tRNA synthetase

Answer 51

attaches correct amino acid to tRNA to correlate with the appropriate anticodon

Question 52

Chaperone Protein

Answer 52

a diverse group of proteins that play crucial roles in the proper folding

Question 53

Start Codon

Answer 53

tells the ribosome where to attach to the mRNA and start producing the protein in translation

Question 54

Stop Codon

Answer 54

tells the ribosome when to stop translation and release the protein and mRNA