UNIT 7 PART 1

Question 1

Natural Selection

Answer 1

The process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

Question 3

Charles Darwin

Answer 3

Developed the theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 4

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 4

Created the system of taxonomy (classification of organisms)

Question 5

Erasmus Darwin

Answer 5

Charles Darwin’s grandfather; early supporter of evolutionary ideas

Question 6

Lamarck

Answer 6

Proposed that organisms evolve through the use and disuse of traits (incorrect theory, acquired characteristics, giraffes)

Question 7

Charles Lyell

Answer 7

Geologist who argued that Earth’s processes occur gradually over time (tectonic plates, purposed idea to Darwin)

Question 8

Convergent Evolution

Answer 8

When unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environments

Question 9

Alfred Wallace

Answer 9

naturalist who developed the theory of natural selection independently of Darwin, influencing Darwin to publish his work

Question 10

Competition

Answer 10

The struggle between organisms for resources

Question 11

Adaptation

Answer 11

A trait that increases an organism’s survival and reproduction (positive mutation)

Question 12

Fitness

Answer 12

An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce

Question 13

Variation

Answer 13

Differences in traits within a population

Question 14

Artificial Selection

Answer 14

Human-driven breeding of organisms for desired traits

Question 15

Peppered Moth

Answer 15

A famous example of natural selection due to industrial pollution

Question 16

Common Ancestor

Answer 16

An ancestral species from which multiple species evolved

Question 17

Microevolution

Answer 17

Small genetic changes in a population over time

Question 18

Macroevolution

Answer 18

Large-scale evolutionary changes that create new species

Question 19

Evidence of Evolution

Answer 19

Observations that support evolutionary theory (fossils, anatomy, DNA)

Question 20

Fossil

Answer 20

Preserved remains of past organisms

Question 21

Common Descent

Answer 21

The idea that all organisms share a common ancestor

Question 22

Transitional Fossil

Answer 22

Fossils showing intermediate forms between species

Question 23

Endemic Species

Answer 23

Species found only in one specific geographic area

Question 24

Homologous Structures

Answer 24

Similar structures in different species due to common ancestry

Question 25

Analogous Structures

Answer 25

Structures with similar functions but different evolutionary origins

Question 26

Vestigial Structures

Answer 26

Structures that have lost their original function through evolution, no longer utilized

Question 27

Embryology

Answer 27

The study of embryos to understand evolutionary relationships

Question 28

Population Genetics

Answer 28

The study of genetic variation in populations

Question 29

Allelic Frequency

Answer 29

The percentage of a specific allele in a population

Question 30

Genotypic Frequency

Answer 30

The proportion of different genotypes in a population

Question 31

Hardy

Answer 31

Weinberg Equilibrium - A condition where allele frequencies remain constant unless acted on by evolutionary forces

Question 32

H/W Law

Answer 32

The mathematical principle that predicts allele frequencies in non-evolving populations

Question 33

Gene Pool

Answer 33

The total genetic material of a population

Question 34

Sexual Selection

Answer 34

A type of natural selection based on traits that improve mating success

Question 35

Immigration

Answer 35

Movement of individuals into a population

Question 36

Emigration

Answer 36

Movement of individuals out of a population

Question 37

Genetic Drift

Answer 37

Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance

Question 38

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 38

A sharp reduction in population size that reduces genetic diversity

Question 39

Founder's Effect

Answer 39

When a new population is started by a few individuals, leading to reduced genetic diversity

Question 40

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 40

Favors the average traits, reducing variation

Question 41

Directional Selection

Answer 41

Favors one extreme trait, shifting the population

Question 42

Disruptive Selection

Answer 42

Favors both extremes, leading to two distinct groups

Question 43

Heterozygote Advantage

Answer 43

When heterozygous individuals have higher fitness than either homozygote