Unit 6 IDS Flashcards

Question

Ch. 10 Pg. 361 - S,P,N Nationalism

Answer 1

A: A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation. B: Within Europe, the triumph of nationalism remade territorial boundaries and forged new relations between the nation-state and its citizens, but it also created hostilities and aspirations that would lead to a horrific war.

Answer 2

An economic and political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership of the means of production. B:

Answer 3

A: An influential political program based on the socialist ideas of German radical Karl Marx, which called for a working-class revolution to overthrow capitalist society and establish a socialist state. It was basically a less developed version of Comuinisum. B: The Communist movement was in its infancy. Scattered groups of socialists, anarchists, and labor leaders were hardly united around Marxist ideas. But by the time Marx died in 1883, Marxist socialism had profoundly reshaped left-wing radicalism in ways that would continue to inspire revolutionaries around the world.

Answer 4

A: The upper-class minority who owned the means of production B: The bourgeoisie, a tiny minority, owned factories, land, and farms (what Marx called the means of production) and grew rich by exploiting the labor of workers.

Answer 5

A: The industrial working class who sell their labor for wages. B: The goods workers produced were always worth more than what those workers were paid, and the difference — “surplus value,” in Marx’s terms — was pocketed by the bourgeoisie in the form of profit.

Answer 6

A: A political pamphlet by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels outlining the principles of communism. Engels wrote 2/3 of it but isn't as well known B: The Communist movement was in its infancy. Scattered groups of socialists, anarchists, and labor leaders were hardly united around Marxist ideas. But by the time Marx died in 1883, Marxist socialism had profoundly reshaped left-wing radicalism in ways that would continue to inspire revolutionaries around the world.

Answer 7

A: An artistic and intellectual movement emphasizing emotion, nature, and individualism started as a direct result of industrialism B: In the 1840s many artists and writers turned from the soaring and emotional viewpoint of Romanticism to Realism

Answer 8

A French writer and intellectual known for her contributions to Romanticism.

Answer 9

A: A French Romantic painter known for his expressive use of color and dramatic compositions. B: Delacroix was fascinated with remote and (to his European viewers) exotic subjects, whether lion hunts in Morocco or languishing, sensuous women in a sultan’s harem.

Answer 10

A: Victor Hugo (1802–1885), a Romantic French noviliat and play write, achieved the most renown with novels that exemplified the Romantic fascination with fantastic characters, exotic historical settings, and extreme emotions. B: Known for works like 'Les Misérables' and 'The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.'

Answer 11

A: A German Romantic painter known for his dramatic landscapes and depictions of nature. B: He captured the divine presence in natural forces.

Answer 12

A: Two influential British landscape painters of the Romantic era. B: Turner depicted nature’s power and terror; wild storms and sinking ships were favorite subjects. Constable painted gentle Wordsworthian landscapes in which human beings lived peacefully with their environment, the comforting countryside of unspoiled rural England. The two's works complement one another, contrasting natures symbiotic nurturing and wrathful temperaments.

Answer 13

A: A German composer and pianist who was a crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. B: His music influences people even to this day.

Answer 14

A: British laws that imposed tariffs on imported grain to protect domestic agriculture. B: The new Corn Laws placed high tariffs (or fees) on imported grain. Its cost rose to improbable levels, ensuring artificially high bread prices for working people and handsome revenues for aristocrats

Answer 15

A: In 1799 Britsh Parliament passed the Combination Acts, which outlawed unions and strikes B: As a result of these and other measures, certain skilled artisan workers, such as bootmakers and high-quality tailors, found aggressive capitalists ignoring traditional work rules and trying to flood their trades with unorganized women workers and children to beat down wages.

Answer 16

A: The British army’s violent suppression in 1819 of a protest that took place at Saint Peter’s Fields in Manchester in reaction to the revision of the Corn Laws. B: The victory of the British army at Waterloo, this incident demonstrated the government’s determination to repress dissenters.

Answer 17

A: A major British political reform that increased the number of male voters by about 50 percent and gave political representation to new industrial areas. (Ch. 11) B: The bill moved British politics in a democratic direction and allowed the House of Commons to emerge as the all-important legislative body, at the expense of the aristocrat-dominated House of Lords. The new industrial areas of the country gained representation in the Commons

Answer 18

A: A working-class movement in Britain that aimed for political reforms including universal male suffrage (that all men have the right to vote) B: Working people developed a sense of their own identity and played an active role in shaping the new industrial system. Workers were active in campaigns to limit the workday in factories to ten hours and to permit duty-free importation of wheat into Great Britain to secure cheap bread. They were neither helpless victims nor passive beneficiaries

Answer 19

A: A coalition of Russia, Austria, and Prussia formed to uphold monarchies and suppress liberalism. B: Worked to repress reformist and revolutionary movements and stifle desires for national independence across Europe.

Answer 20

A: he King of the French from 1830 to 1848, known for his role in the July Monarchy. B: Kept the Tri color but, beyond these symbolic actions, he didn't give a fuck about popular demands for thorough reform.

Answer 21

Context: the Assembly failed to craft a generous democratic republic, it did complete a constitution that maintained universal male suffrage and established a strong executive instead of a monarchy. This allowed Louis Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, to win a landslide victory in the election of December 1848. A: The first President of France and later Emperor, known for his authoritarian regime. B: This allowed Louis Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, to win a landslide victory in the election of December 1848. The appeal of his famous name as well as the desire of the propertied classes for order at any cost had led to what would become a centrist, semi-authoritarian regime with some liberal elements in place

Answer 22

A: An assembly in 1848 aimed at creating a unified German state. In actuality it was state officials, lawyers, professors, and businessmen elected to the Assembly represented the interests of the social elite B: Their calls for constitutional monarchy, free speech, religious tolerance, and abolition of aristocratic privilege were typical of moderate national liberalism. The deputies ignored calls for more radical action from industrial workers, peasants, republicans, and socialists.

Answer 23

A: A mass starvation caused as a result of four years of potato crop failure from 1845-1852 in Ireland, a country that had grown dependent on potatoes as both a source of income and substance. B: The Great Famine shattered the pattern of Irish population growth. One million emigrants fled the famine between 1845 and 1851, mostly to the United States and Canada, and up to 1.5 million people died.