unit 6: learning

Question 1

learning that certain events occur together, events may be 2 stimuli

Answer 1

associative learning

Question 2

the aquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language

Answer 2

cognitive learning

Question 3

a type of learning in which one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events

Answer 3

classical conditioning

Question 4

the view that psychology should be objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Answer 4

behaviorism

Question 5

(cc) a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

Answer 5

neural stimuli

Question 6

(cc) unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

unconditioned response

Question 7

(cc) stimulus that unconditionally triggers a response

Answer 7

unconditioned stimulus

Question 8

(cc) learned response to previously neural stimulus

Answer 8

conditioned response

Question 9

(cc) originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger the conditioned response

Answer 9

conditioned stimulus

Question 10

(cc) the initial stage when one links a neural stimulus to an unconditioned stimulus so that the neural stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response

Answer 10

acquisition

Question 11

procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new NS creating a second, often weaker, conditioned stimulus

Answer 11

higher-order conditioning

Question 12

reappearance after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Answer 12

spontaneous recovery

Question 13

the tendency, once a response is conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Answer 13

generalization

Question 14

(cc) the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 14

discrimination

Question 15

thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and those followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Answer 15

law of effect

Question 16

(oc) a chamber containing a bar or key that na naimal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer

Answer 16

operant chamber (skinner box)

Question 17

(oc) any event that strngthens the behavior it follows

Answer 17

reinforcer

Question 18

(oc) procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Answer 18

shaping

Question 19

(oc) elicits a response after association with reinforcement

Answer 19

discriminative stimulus

Question 20

increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers. strengthens response when presented after response

Answer 20

positive reinforcement

Question 21

increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli. Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens this response

Answer 21

negative reinforcement

Question 22

innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological urge

Answer 22

primary reinforcers

Question 23

stimuli that gain reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer

Answer 23

conditioned reinforcers (secondary reinforcer)

Question 24

pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced

Answer 24

reinforcement shedule

Question 25

reinforcing desired response everytime

Answer 25

continuous reinforcement

Question 26

reinforcing a response only part of the it me; results in slower acquisition but greater resistance to extinction

Answer 26

partial (intermittent) reinforcement

Question 27

(oc) reinforces a response only after a specific number of responses

Answer 27

fixed ratio schedule

Question 28

(oc) reinfirces response after an unpredicatable number of responses

Answer 28

variable raito schedule

Question 29

(oc) reinforces response after a specific time has elapsed

Answer 29

fixed interval shedules

Question 30

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back into regarding, a subtle physiological state

Answer 30

biofeedback

Question 31

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus

Answer 31

respondent behavior

Question 32

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences

Answer 32

operant behavior

Question 33

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate

Answer 33

latent learning

Question 34

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Answer 34

intrinsic motivation

Question 35

a desire to to perform a behavior to recieve promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

Answer 35

extrinsic motivation

Question 36

attemptin to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Answer 36

problem focused coping

Question 37

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring stressors and attending to emotional needs related to ones stress reaction

Answer 37

emotion focused coping

Question 38

perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control

Answer 38

external locus of control

Question 39

the perception that you control your own fate

Answer 39

internal locus of control

Question 40

process of observing and imitating specific behavior

Answer 40

modeling