Unit 7 Flashcards

Question

Cultural Clash - Intolerance vs Tolerance (list evidence)

Answer 1

- Palmer Raids - National Origins Act of 1924 - Sacco and Vanzetti Case - Comeback of the KKK (against immigrants, radicals, AAs) - Birth of a Nation

Answer 2

Two Italian immigrants convicted for a crime w/ little evidence Sentenced to death because they were anarchists + immigrants of Italian origin This guilty verdict reflected the popularity of anti-immigrant/radical sentiment

Answer 3

A silent film about the South during and after the Civil War Portrayed African American men as violent + aggressive Reflected and revived the popularity of the KKK

Answer 4

Cultural explosion of African American music, art, literature; originated in Harlem, NYC Cotton Club: famous nightclub featuring black entertainers for a white, high class clientele Helped AA writers/artists gain more control/freedom over representation of black culture (EX: Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong) Provided them a place in Western culture Instilled in AAs a spirit of pride for their heritage; renewed their commitment to political activism

Answer 5

Carefree young women w/ short bobbed hair, heavy makeup, short skirts Symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s Women were able to protest traditional ideas like cult of domesticity & separate spheres of influence bc of their new political rights (EX: 19th amendment)

Answer 6

Modernism - looked to science, not the Bible, to explain how the physical world worked - embraced the concepts of evolution and natural selection Fundamentalism - belief that Bible should be treated as authority on appropriate behavior - religious texts represented the literal word of God - rejected scientific theory of evolution bc it conflicted w/ idea that God created universe - pursuit to correct society (EX: prohibition movement)

Answer 7

Science teacher John Scopes arrested in Tennessee for teaching evolution at his public school William Jennings Bryan represented state of TN w/ prosecution of Scopes; Clarence Darrow, lawyer working for ACLU, defended Scopes free of charge Scopes Trial gained more attention than expected; named “The Monkey Trial” Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 for breaking the Tennessee law

Answer 8

- Communism/Bolshevism vs Capitalism - Tolerance vs Intolerance (of immigrants) - Traditional women's roles vs Flappers - Modernism vs Fundamentalism

Answer 9

1. Uneven Distribution of Wealth - wages had risen little compared to large increases in corporate profits - many Americans lived below poverty line and couldn’t afford to buy the goods American industries were producing - once demand for products declined, businesses laid off workers → contributed to even less demand + more layoffs 2. Overextension of Credit/Overspeculation Investor Credit — buying on margin - people no longer invested their money to share in the profits of a company (before = limited liability) - instead, bought stocks on margin (borrowed most of cost, paid % of price) - speculated stock price would go up and they could sell for profit → repay loan - but when stock prices dropped, people lost confidence in market → started panicking and selling their stocks in fear of losing $ → lots of sellers + few buyers → prices continue to fall → speculators in debt → stock market crash Consumer Credit — installment plans - enabled consumers to buy goods on credit w/ small down payment - promised to pay the rest in installments (cars, radios, etc) - led to more accumulation of debt - allowed consumer goods to be more widely available (large demand → large supply); this created a saturated market w/ high inventories + low sales 3. Overproduction of Consumer Goods - the rate of industrial + agricultural production during WWI couldn’t be sustained during peacetime - also boomed bc of increased productivity + use of credit - farmers produce more crops to pay off loans → overproduction makes prices drop (more supply + less demand) → farmers can’t pay off loans → small rural banks fail - produced a large volume of goods that workers w/ low wages couldn’t purchase - when the market is fully saturated with supply, any new goods are excess inventory 4. Government Policies (Protective Tariff + Laissez Faire) - gov’t had complete faith in business and did little to control/regulate it (especially President Hoover who believed in rugged individualism + self reliance) - Congress enacted high tariffs which protected domestic industries but hurt farmers + international trade 5. International Component - Germany couldn't pay war reparations to former Allies → Britain and France couldn't repay WWI loans - American banks loaned European gov’ts new loans so they could pay off previous ones - when American banks couldn’t make additional loans to these countries, the whole system of international credit began to collapse

Answer 10

On Black Thursday, there was an unprecedented volume of selling on Wall Street Stock brokers called in the loans they had made to stock investors This caused stock prices to plunge; many people lost their entire life savings as financial institutions went bankrupt

Answer 11

Government agency created under Hoover administration that gave out federal loans to stabilize faltering insurance companies, banks, other financial institutions Provided money to local governments to pay for public works projects to supply jobs; Hoover opposed direct relief (welfare) to American public because he thought it would destroy their self reliance But by lending money to large corporations rather than the small businesses that desperately needed aid, it did not have a universal benefit

Answer 12

Banks starting losing $ and failing rapidly as more people flocked to withdrew funds. When they shut down, depositors usually lost all their money since bank accounts were not insured by the gov’t at the time This led to a public mistrust of banks → no deposits → no money in circulation for banks to give out as loans → could not invest in industry/businesses → weakened economy Bank Holiday: FDR ordered all banks closed for four days; would reopen after gov’t reorganized them on a sound basis → restored ppl’s confidence

Answer 13

Informal radio talks (nationwide) FDR had w/ Americans Used common language to explain his programs Assured listeners that the banks which reopened after the Bank Holiday were safe Effect — people began depositing money into banks again → unity + higher spirits

Answer 14

Socialists and liberals in Democratic party - thought New Deal did too little for poor working class - Senator Huey Long proposed “Share Our Wealth” program which promised minimum annual income for every American family, paid by taxing the rich - believed FDR failed to address problems of minorities, women, blacks Conservatives in Republican party - attacked New Deal for giving federal gov’t too much power - relief programs such as WPA bordered on socialism/communism - business leaders were alarmed by increased regulations

Answer 15

US loaned Germany money to revive their economy Help them pay reparations to Britain + France, who could then pay back loans from US

Answer 16

Limited US involvement in future wars Cause — belief that US had been drawn into WWI through loans and trade w/ Allies 1. Kept Americans from traveling on ships belonging to a warring country in order to prevent Lusitania incident from WWI (ships sunk w/ American citizens) 2. Prohibited sale/transport of American munitions or loans to a warring country 3. Required warring countries to pay cash for nonmilitary goods

Answer 17

Group of isolationists alarmed by FDR’s pro British policies (Lend Lease Act) Mobilized American public opinion against WWII; feared direct military involvement

Answer 18

FDR encouraged economic embargoes to “quarantine” aggressors Condemned Japan’s invasion of China; warned of their aggression against world peace; Japan should be quarantined to prevent contagion of war from spreading Contradicted America’s stance of neutrality; argued to expand the role of the US in the world

Answer 19

Hosted by the US w/ delegates from Europe and Japan after WWI Called for naval disarmament; countries agreed to limit production of warships, to not attack each other's possessions, and to respect China's independence

Answer 20

Ended cash and carry requirement of Neutrality Act Permitted Britain to obtain all US arms + ships it needed on credit Marked abandonment of neutrality policy — US was now actively aiding Britain

Answer 21

Executive Order 9066 (FDR): sent Japanese to internment camps, regardless of citizenship; response to Pearl Harbor and fear of subversion Korematsu case: upheld constitutionality of internship camps, which were declared to be a militant necessity (prevent espionage); Japan belongs to an enemy race (promoted racism and restriction of rights/liberties)

Answer 22

Executive Order 8802: (FDR) banned segregation and discrimination in defense industries (agencies engaged in war work) Tuskegee Airmen: first African American military aviators in the US armed forces

Answer 23

Mexican farmworkers who entered the western US in harvest season w/o going thru formal immigration procedures Fulfilled the gap left by farmers who were drafted to the military

Answer 24

Symbol of American women who went to work in factories during WW2

Answer 25

Relief: for the unemployed Recovery: to stimulate the economy Reform: to lessen threat of another economic crisis

Answer 26

1. Federal Emergency Relief Act [relief] - provided immediate relief to unemployed rather than long term support - emergency supplies (blankets, food, water, shelter, clothing, soup kitchens) - gov't doled out direct federal aid in the form of a cash payment 2. Agricultural Adjustment Act [recovery] - paid farmers to kill of excess livestock and reduce their crop production - by limiting production, this helped raise prices and thus farming incomes (taxed consumers in order to pay farmers) 3. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [reform] - insures up to $100K for individual bank deposits - monitors banks to make sure their practices were profitable and fair - restored faith of Americans in banks (after bank holiday) 4. Works Progress Administration [relief] - employed people to construct public buildings, roads, other forms of manual unskilled labor; supplied much-needed jobs 5. Securities and Exchange Commission [reform] - regulated stock market, required financial disclosure by corporations to protect investors from fraud and insider trading - goal was to prevent another Wall Street crash by placing strict limits on the kind of speculative practices that had led to it 6. Social Security Act [relief] - created a federal insurance program - collected portion of income throughout people's working careers and used it to fund senior pensions - unemployment compensation to workers who lost their jobs, blind/disabled, dependent children + their mothers

Unit 7 Flashcards

(50 cards)