Unit 7

Question 1

What is the most essential nutrient?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

Does water provide the body with energy?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Lack of what nutrient results in death more rapidly than any other nutrient?

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

How much of the human body is made up of water?

Answer 4

50-75%

Question 5

How much of the water in the human body is found inside cells?

Answer 5

2/3

Question 6

How much of the water in the human body is found outside of cells?

Answer 6

1/3

Question 7

What percent of muscle tissue is water?

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

What are the functions of water?

Answer 8

• Needed to maintain life
• Provide structural integrity to cells
• Blood plasma distributes nutrients, hormones, immune cells, and oxygen to the body cells
• serves as a reactant or product in many chemical reactions

Question 9

What are more functions of water?

Answer 9

• Solvent for glucose, certain vitamins, minerals, proteins, and enzymes
• maintain body temp
• maintain acid base balance
• Crucial to maintenance of blood volume which is crucial to blood pressure and cardiovascular function

Question 10

What are water sources?

Answer 10

From foods, liquids and as a product of certain metabolic reactions

Question 11

How is water lost from the body?

Answer 11

Through sweat, urine, feces, and breath

Question 12

What is dehydration?

Answer 12

Having a negative water balance

Question 13

What are some mild to moderate dehydration symptoms?

Answer 13

Headache, dizziness/lightheadedness, sleepiness/tiredness, few/no tears, dry sticky mouth, thirst, dry skin, constipation, decreased urine output

Question 14

What are some severe dehydration symptoms?

Answer 14

Extreme irritability and confusion, fever, shrunken eyes, no tears, very dry mouth, skin, and mucous membranes, extreme thirst, rapid heart beat, low blood pressure, rapid breathing, lack of sweating, little or no urination that is concentrated, shriveled dry skin, delirium or unconsciousness.

Question 15

What is overhydration also called?

Answer 15

Hyponatremia (low blood sodium) or water intoxication.

Question 16

What are symptoms of overhydration/ hyponatremia/ water intoxication?

Answer 16

Muscle weakness, muscle incoordination, disorientation, and eventually seizures and coma if the condition is not recognized and treated

Question 17

Who can suffer from overhydration/ hyponatremia/ water intoxication?

Answer 17

Endurance athletes who rehydrate without supplementing with sodium and chloride (electrolytes)

Question 18

Where does tallahassee’s drinking water come from?

Answer 18

The Floridian Aquifer, one of the largest and cleanest underground water systems in the world

Question 19

Does the body need alcohol to survive?

Answer 19

No, alcohol is not an essential nutrient or a nutrient at all

Question 20

How many calories/gram does alcohol provide?

Answer 20

7 Calories/gram

Question 21

What is the alcohol found in beverages?

Answer 21

Ethanol

Question 22

What is moderate alcohol consumption?

Answer 22

Average daily consumption of up to one drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men, as well as no more than 3 drinks in any single day for women and no more than 4 drinks in a single day for men

Question 23

What is a standard drink of alcohol?

Answer 23

The size that provides approximately 15 g of alcohol. Either 12oz beer, 8-9 oz of malt liquor, 5 oz of table wine, or 1.5 oz of 80 proof spirits (shot)

Question 24

What is binge drinking?

Answer 24

Involves drinking 5 or more drinks in a row for men or 4 or more drinks in a row for women over a 2 hour time

Question 25

What does binge drinking lead to?

Answer 25

Risk taking behaviors and blood alcohol levels causing loss of consciousness, coma, or death

Question 26

How does the body react to alcohol?

Answer 26

It cannot be stored and does not require digestion because alcohol is a toxin therefore the body works to metabolize and eliminate it.

Question 27

What affects how quickly alcohol is absorbed and metabolized?

Answer 27

Gender, body type, amount of food in the stomach and amount of alcohol consumed.

Question 28

How does alcohol travel in the body?

Answer 28

In the blood and it is distributed throughout the watery tissues, including the brain

Question 29

What enzyme is important for breaking down alcohol?

Answer 29

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 30

Where is alcohol absorbed and how?

Answer 30

In the stomach and small intestine through simple diffusion. Mostly (80%) the small intestine

Question 31

Where does alcohol travel after it gets into the blood?

Answer 31

To the liver where the majority of it is metabolized

Question 32

What converts the alcohol to acetaldehyde, which is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water?

Answer 32

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 33

How much time does it take for the liver to metabolize one alcoholic drink?

Answer 33

1 1/2 to 2 hours regardless of the amount consumed, the metabolism of alcohol occurs at a steady rate

Question 34

What happens to extra alcohol that cannot be metabolized by the liver?

Answer 34

Alcohol reenters the blood and is distributed in the watery tissues in the body.

Question 35

What is the Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)?

Answer 35

The amount of alcohol circulation in the blood, measured in grams of alcohol per deciliter of blood.

Question 36

Does alcohol affect the whole body?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

How is alcohol a depressant?

Answer 37

It slows the transmission of nerve impulses, which will affect reaction time, confuse thoughts, impair judgement, and induce sleepiness

Question 38

What happens if enough alcohol has been consumed?

Answer 38

Activities of the brain stem (controlling breathing and HR) can be suppressed, and ultimately cause death.

Question 39

What happens if excessive amounts of alcohol has been consumed?

Answer 39

Brain shrinkage which can impair memory and learning as well as coordination and balance

Question 40

What is dangerous to mix with alcohol?

Answer 40

A stimulant such as the high amounts of caffeine found in energy drinks

Question 41

How does caffeine stimulant interact with alcohol?

Answer 41

The stimulant counters alcohol's depressant effect and because energy drinks can reduce the symptoms of alcohol intoxication, such as tiredness, individuals may continue drinking to the point where the BAC increases to dangerous levels, affecting both the body's mental and physical functions as the drunk-person does not feel as drunk

Question 42

What are symptoms of a hangover?

Answer 42

Headache, dizziness, dehydration, vomiting, sweating, lightheadedness and weakness

Question 43

What can chronically drinking too much alcohol lead to?

Answer 43

Inflamed esophagus and eventually cancer, stomach ulcers, damaged heart and hypertension, and damaged liver

Question 44

What is the first stage of liver disease?

Answer 44

Fatty liver - deposits of fat causes liver enlargement

Question 45

Can fatty liver be reversed?

Answer 45

Yes, strict abstinence can lead to a full recovery

Question 46

What is the second stage of liver disease?

Answer 46

Liver fibrosis - scar tissue forms

Question 47

Can liver fibrosis be reversed?

Answer 47

Recovery is possible, but scar tissue remains

Question 48

What is the second stage of liver disease?

Answer 48

Cirrhosis - growth of connective tissue destroys liver cells

Question 49

Can cirrhosis be reversed?

Answer 49

No the damage is irreversible

Question 50

Can pregnant women drink?

Answer 50

No, it puts a healthy pregnancy at risk.

Question 51

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Answer 51

The leading cause of mental retardation and birth defects in the US. Children with FAS have problems in school and interacting socially with others, poor coordintion, low IQ, and problems with everyday living.

Question 52

What are some characteristics of FAS?

Answer 52

Facial abnormalities such as eyes with very small openings and thin upper lips; not physically growing as normally as other children their age; mental and behavioral difficulties, such as reduced attention span and memory, and learning disabilities.