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AP psychology > unit 8 +10 > Flashcards

unit 8 +10 Flashcards

1
Q

the idea that when a physiological need creates an aroused state(drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need and restore body to homeostasis(balance)

A

drive reduction theory

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2
Q

positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us

A

incentive

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3
Q

moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

too much or too little arousal(stress) results in poor performance

A

yerkes-dodson law

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4
Q

physiological needs must be met before higher level needs

A

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

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5
Q

maslows pyrimad bottom to top

A

physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self actualization, self transcendence

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6
Q

need to live up to our fullest and unique potential

A

self actualization

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7
Q

performs various body maintenance functions including control of hunger

monitors levels of appetite hormones like ghrelin

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

what happens when on a semi starvation diet

A

your body is signaled to restore the lost weight

your body grabs glucose from the bloodstream

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9
Q

social exclusion feeling left out, ignored, avoided

A

ostracism

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10
Q

the theory that emotion is followed by your body response

ex notice your heart racing them feel scared

A

james lange theory

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11
Q

the theory that emotion and body arousal happen at the same time

ex. my heart began pounding as i experienced fear

A

cannon bard theory

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12
Q

the theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and be able to label the arousal

ex. interpreting our arousal as fear or excitement depending on the context

A

two factor theory or schlachter-singer theory

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13
Q

the theory that responses can happen instantly without conscious appraisal

ex. -automatically getting startled by a sound in the forest before labeling it as a threat

A

zajonc ledoux

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14
Q

cognitive appraisal (is it dangerous or not) sometimes without our awareness -defines emotion

ex. the sound is just the wind

A

lazarus

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15
Q

emphasized that some emotional responses are immediate before any conscious appraisal

A

zajonc and ledoux

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16
Q

emphasized that our appraisal and labeling of events also determines our emotional responses

A

lazarus, schachter, and singer

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17
Q

the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

A

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

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18
Q

what is phase 1 of general adaptation syndrome

A

alarm your nervous system is suddenly activated and your heart rate zooms you’re ready to fight back

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19
Q

what is phase 2 of general adaptation syndrome

A

resistance
after initial shock the body begins to repair itself everything normalizes to focus on stressor

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20
Q

what is phase 3 of general adaptation syndrome

A

exhaustion you become more vulnerable to illness extreme cases are collapse and death

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21
Q

studied animals reactions to stressors and made stress a major concept in both psychology and medicine

proposed general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

Hans Selye’s

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22
Q

symptoms of chronic stress

A

heart disease
depression
blood vessel inflammation
makes us less able to resist infection
increases vulnerability to heart disease

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23
Q

difference between type a and b personality

A

type A’s core is negative emotions(competitive, impatient, aggressive, anger prone)
type b is more relaxed and easygoing which makes them less likely to experience heart disease

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24
Q

according to freud unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic drives to survive reproduce and aggress
instinct!
operates on pleasure principle

ex. newborn crying not caring about anything else

A

id

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25
Q

seeks to gratify the id’s impulses in realistic ways that will bring long term pleasure

operates on reality principle

contains our partly conscious perceptions thought’s judgments and memories

A

ego

26
Q

the voice of our moral compass(conscience) that forces the ego to consider not just real but ideal

focus on how we should behave

strives for perfection, judging actions, producing positive feelings or negative feelings of guilt

A

superego

27
Q

mediates the impulsive demands of id and the restraining demands of superego

A

ego

28
Q

tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality

A

defense mechanisms

29
Q

what are the seven defense mechanisms

A

regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, and sublimation, repression

30
Q

retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage

ex. getting cut from soccer team and wanting to go to grandmas house to eat cookies

A

regression

31
Q

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

ex. after getting cut from team you make a big show about not caring about the dumb team

A

reaction formation

32
Q

disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

ex. after getting cut from team you talk about how mad your parents are at the coach

A

projection

33
Q

offering self justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions

ex. after getting cut from team you say you weren’t even trying during tryouts and you could have made the team if you wanted to

A

rationalization

34
Q

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

ex. after getting cut from team you yell at your younger sibling for no real reason

A

displacement

35
Q

transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motive

ex after getting cut from team you decide to join track where everyone’s accepted

A

sublimation

36
Q

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

ex. after getting cut from team you insist there was an error on the team list and your going to talk to the coach

A

denial

37
Q

being driven more by interest

A

intrinsic motivation

38
Q

our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think ab their character

we see what we wanna see

looking up to someone

A

halo effect

39
Q

what is the problem with a case study

A

it doesn’t apply to a widespread population

40
Q

a learned drive

ex. money, pride, fame, etc

A

secondary drive

41
Q

theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy growth

emphasize the way people strive for self determination and self realization

A

humanistic theorists

42
Q

what was carl rogers idea of self actualization

A

you need to have acceptance, genuineness, and empathy

43
Q

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question who am i

A

self concept

44
Q

people are basically good and are endowed with self actualizing tendencies

A

carl rogers theory on personality

45
Q

a caring accepting nonjudgmental attitude that carl rogers believed would help with self awareness and self acceptance

A

unconditional positive regard

46
Q

a statistical procedure that identifies factors of test items that tap basic components of a trait

A

factor analysis

47
Q

the most widely used of personality tests

was developed to identify emotional disorders but also assesses personality traits

A

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

48
Q

CANOE

A

conscientiousness
agreeableness
neuroticism
opened
extraversion

49
Q

our feelings of high or low self worth

A

self esteem

50
Q

a projective test in which people express their inner feeling and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

A

thematic apperception test (TAT)

51
Q

seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

A

rorschach ink blot test

52
Q

is responsible for instaneous emotional response (fear rage etc)

A

amygdala

53
Q

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

A

motivation

54
Q

the capacity to influence others even when they try to resist

A

angiotensin

55
Q

involves learning and memory

regulates the stress response

A

hippocampus

56
Q

what are the 5 psychological perspectives

A

biological(genetics)
psychodynamic(influence of unconscious motivation)
behavioral
cognitive(learning and memory)
humanistic

57
Q

how is low self efficiency and internal locus of control related

A

low self efficiency will cause low locus of control(how much control u feel u have over a situation)

58
Q

states that the more a person experiences fear the less the fear affects them

A

opponent process theory

59
Q

deciding to do something because your interested

A

intrinsic motivation

60
Q

deciding to do something because your told to do it

A

extrinsic motivation

AP psychology (10 decks)

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