unit 8 +10

Question 1

the idea that when a physiological need creates an aroused state(drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need and restore body to homeostasis(balance)

Answer 1

drive reduction theory

Question 2

positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us

Answer 2

incentive

Question 3

moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

too much or too little arousal(stress) results in poor performance

Answer 3

yerkes-dodson law

Question 4

physiological needs must be met before higher level needs

Answer 4

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 5

maslows pyrimad bottom to top

Answer 5

physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self actualization, self transcendence

Question 6

need to live up to our fullest and unique potential

Answer 6

self actualization

Question 7

performs various body maintenance functions including control of hunger

monitors levels of appetite hormones like ghrelin

Answer 7

hypothalamus

Question 8

what happens when on a semi starvation diet

Answer 8

your body is signaled to restore the lost weight

your body grabs glucose from the bloodstream

Question 9

social exclusion feeling left out, ignored, avoided

Answer 9

ostracism

Question 10

the theory that emotion is followed by your body response

ex notice your heart racing them feel scared

Answer 10

james lange theory

Question 11

the theory that emotion and body arousal happen at the same time

ex. my heart began pounding as i experienced fear

Answer 11

cannon bard theory

Question 12

the theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and be able to label the arousal

ex. interpreting our arousal as fear or excitement depending on the context

Answer 12

two factor theory or schlachter-singer theory

Question 13

the theory that responses can happen instantly without conscious appraisal

ex. -automatically getting startled by a sound in the forest before labeling it as a threat

Answer 13

zajonc ledoux

Question 14

cognitive appraisal (is it dangerous or not) sometimes without our awareness -defines emotion

ex. the sound is just the wind

Answer 14

lazarus

Question 15

emphasized that some emotional responses are immediate before any conscious appraisal

Answer 15

zajonc and ledoux

Question 16

emphasized that our appraisal and labeling of events also determines our emotional responses

Answer 16

lazarus, schachter, and singer

Question 17

the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Answer 17

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 18

what is phase 1 of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 18

alarm your nervous system is suddenly activated and your heart rate zooms you’re ready to fight back

Question 19

what is phase 2 of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 19

resistance
after initial shock the body begins to repair itself everything normalizes to focus on stressor

Question 20

what is phase 3 of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 20

exhaustion you become more vulnerable to illness extreme cases are collapse and death

Question 21

studied animals reactions to stressors and made stress a major concept in both psychology and medicine

proposed general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 21

Hans Selye’s

Question 22

symptoms of chronic stress

Answer 22

heart disease
depression
blood vessel inflammation
makes us less able to resist infection
increases vulnerability to heart disease

Question 23

difference between type a and b personality

Answer 23

type A’s core is negative emotions(competitive, impatient, aggressive, anger prone)
type b is more relaxed and easygoing which makes them less likely to experience heart disease

Question 24

according to freud unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic drives to survive reproduce and aggress
instinct!
operates on pleasure principle

ex. newborn crying not caring about anything else

Answer 24

id

Question 25

seeks to gratify the id’s impulses in realistic ways that will bring long term pleasure operates on reality principle contains our partly conscious perceptions thought’s judgments and memories

Answer 25

ego

Question 26

the voice of our moral compass(conscience) that forces the ego to consider not just real but ideal focus on how we should behave strives for perfection, judging actions, producing positive feelings or negative feelings of guilt

Answer 26

superego

Question 27

mediates the impulsive demands of id and the restraining demands of superego

Answer 27

ego

Question 28

tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality

Answer 28

defense mechanisms

Question 29

what are the seven defense mechanisms

Answer 29

regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, and sublimation, repression

Question 30

retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage ex. getting cut from soccer team and wanting to go to grandmas house to eat cookies

Answer 30

regression

Question 31

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites ex. after getting cut from team you make a big show about not caring about the dumb team

Answer 31

reaction formation

Question 32

disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others ex. after getting cut from team you talk about how mad your parents are at the coach

Answer 32

projection

Question 33

offering self justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions ex. after getting cut from team you say you weren’t even trying during tryouts and you could have made the team if you wanted to

Answer 33

rationalization

Question 34

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person ex. after getting cut from team you yell at your younger sibling for no real reason

Answer 34

displacement

Question 35

transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motive ex after getting cut from team you decide to join track where everyone’s accepted

Answer 35

sublimation

Question 36

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities ex. after getting cut from team you insist there was an error on the team list and your going to talk to the coach

Answer 36

denial

Question 37

being driven more by interest

Answer 37

intrinsic motivation

Question 38

our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think ab their character we see what we wanna see looking up to someone

Answer 38

halo effect

Question 39

what is the problem with a case study

Answer 39

it doesn’t apply to a widespread population

Question 40

a learned drive ex. money, pride, fame, etc

Answer 40

secondary drive

Question 41

theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy growth emphasize the way people strive for self determination and self realization

Answer 41

humanistic theorists

Question 42

what was carl rogers idea of self actualization

Answer 42

you need to have acceptance, genuineness, and empathy

Question 43

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question who am i

Answer 43

self concept

Question 44

people are basically good and are endowed with self actualizing tendencies

Answer 44

carl rogers theory on personality

Question 45

a caring accepting nonjudgmental attitude that carl rogers believed would help with self awareness and self acceptance

Answer 45

unconditional positive regard

Question 46

a statistical procedure that identifies factors of test items that tap basic components of a trait

Answer 46

factor analysis

Question 47

the most widely used of personality tests was developed to identify emotional disorders but also assesses personality traits

Answer 47

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

Question 48

CANOE

Answer 48

conscientiousness agreeableness neuroticism opened extraversion

Question 49

our feelings of high or low self worth

Answer 49

self esteem

Question 50

a projective test in which people express their inner feeling and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Answer 50

thematic apperception test (TAT)

Question 51

seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Answer 51

rorschach ink blot test

Question 52

is responsible for instaneous emotional response (fear rage etc)

Answer 52

amygdala

Question 53

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 53

motivation

Question 54

the capacity to influence others even when they try to resist

Answer 54

angiotensin

Question 55

involves learning and memory regulates the stress response

Answer 55

hippocampus

Question 56

what are the 5 psychological perspectives

Answer 56

biological(genetics) psychodynamic(influence of unconscious motivation) behavioral cognitive(learning and memory) humanistic

Question 57

how is low self efficiency and internal locus of control related

Answer 57

low self efficiency will cause low locus of control(how much control u feel u have over a situation)

Question 58

states that the more a person experiences fear the less the fear affects them

Answer 58

opponent process theory

Question 59

deciding to do something because your interested

Answer 59

intrinsic motivation

Question 60

deciding to do something because your told to do it

Answer 60

extrinsic motivation