unit 9

Question 1

conformity

Answer 1

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with the group standard

Question 2

normative social influence

Answer 2

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval/avoid disapproval

Question 3

informational social influence

Answer 3

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

Question 4

attitude

Answer 4

feelings, ideas, and beliefs that affect how we approach and react to other people, objects, and events

Question 5

persuasion

Answer 5

deliberate attempt to change an attitude held by another

Question 6

compliance

Answer 6

doing something bc someone asked us to, but the person doesn’t necessarily have authority

Question 7

central route to persuasion

Answer 7

using logic to persuade

logos

Question 8

peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 8

using fear/desires/associations to persuade

pathos

Question 9

foot in the door

Answer 9

small request followed by a larger request

Question 10

door in face

Answer 10

first make a major request so that the smaller reuqest you really want is more likely to be complied with

Question 11

low ball

Answer 11

first gaining closure and commitment to an idea you want the person to accept and then changing the deal to make it better for you

Question 12

ingratiation

Answer 12

first getting someone to like you then making your request

Question 13

social facilitation

Answer 13

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
* performance on difficult tasks typically decreases in the presence of others

Question 14

social loafing

Answer 14

type of diffusion of responsibility
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
EX: group projects - one person usually does majority of work

Question 15

deindividuation

Answer 15

the loss of self awareness and self restraint occuring in group situations that foster anonymity and arousal

Question 16

group polarization

Answer 16

group members’ beliefs get more extreme when others agree too
*like a loyalty competition

Question 17

group think

Answer 17

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 18

culture

Answer 18

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 19

norm

Answer 19

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

precribes ‘proper’ behavior

Question 20

social trap

Answer 20

“playing so hard you destroy the field”

extreme short term competition reduces long term utility

Question 21

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 21

concept where people feel less responsibility to do the right thing/put forth all their effort when they are part of a group

Question 22

in group/out group bias

Answer 22

we think differently about our ‘us’ than their ‘them’

we like our group more than the others

Question 23

bystander effect

Answer 23

type of diffusion of responsibility

people are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present

Question 24

reciprocity norm

Answer 24

when person A does something positive, person B will do something positive back
*also applies to negative actions

Question 25

social inhibition

Answer 25

changing behaviors, personality, comments for fear of not matching the social climate
*reading the room

Question 26

private acceptance

Answer 26

conforming because you actually believe you should change your view

Question 27

public compliance

Answer 27

conforming publicly but actually changing your behavior/beliefs

Question 28

social impact theory

Answer 28

strength of group’s importance and the amount of ppl in group are main factors in how likely a person is to conform

Question 29

idiosyncrasy credits

Answer 29

tolerance a person earns, over time, by conforming to group norms
if enough credits are earned, the person can occaisonally behave deviantly without retribution from the group

Question 30

subtyping

Answer 30

seeing people who deviate from stereotypes as the exception

Question 31

subgrouping

Answer 31

creating a new sub-stereotype that is still part of the overall group

Question 32

stereotype threat

Answer 32

a self-confirming aprehension that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Question 33

prejudice

Answer 33

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

Question 34

ethnocentricism

Answer 34

assuming the superiority of one ethnic group

Question 35

stereotype

Answer 35

a generalized (sometimes correct, but usually overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

Question 36

discrimination

Answer 36

unjustifiable negative behavior/action toward a group and its memebers

Question 37

scapegoat theory

Answer 37

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providin someone to blame

Question 38

other-race effect

Answer 38

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than the faces of other races
* also called cross-race effect or cross-race bias

Question 39

aggression

Answer 39

a hostile behavior toward another person or their interests

Question 40

passive aggression

Answer 40

trying to harm using indirect means

Question 41

evolutionary approach

Answer 41

aggression is a natural evolutionary process

animals/ppl who were aggressive had better chances of surviving and passing on their genes

Question 42

biochemical approach

Answer 42

aggression is related to a feedback loop between certain brain structures via electrical and chemical reactions
- amygdala, hypothalamus, high levels of testosterone, low levels of seratonin, brain injuries can all be related to aggression

Question 43

psychodynamic approach

Answer 43

feelings of aggression and how we express them are often the result of unconscious processes

Question 44

positive reaction to aggression

Answer 44

emotion based, then solution based coping

internal locus of control - planning

Question 45

negative reaction to aggression

Answer 45

emotion based coping and then getting stuck in grievance

external locus of control - scapegoating

Question 46

hostile aggression

Answer 46

causing physical/emotional harm is the goal

more emotional/crime of passion

Question 47

instrumental aggression

Answer 47

agression is used as a tool to get something

more cogntive/premeditated

Question 48

superordinate goal

Answer 48

groups are forced to work together to achieve the goal because they are dependent on one another

Question 49

passionate love

Answer 49

an aroused state of intense positive absporption in another, usually present at the beginning of a new love relationship

Question 50

companionate love

Answer 50

the deep affection attachment affection we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined

Question 51

equity

Answer 51

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 52

self-disclosure

Answer 52

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others