Unit 9- Development

Question 1

developmental psychology

Answer 1

studies physical, cognitive, and social changes through life

Question 2

zygote

Answer 2

fertilized egg

Question 3

embryo

Answer 3

2 weeks after fertilization, developing human

Question 4

teratogens

Answer 4

agents reach fetus during pregnancy, cause harm

Question 5

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 5

abnormalities in children due to pregnant woman’s drinking

Question 6

habituation

Answer 6

decreased response with repeated stimulation

Question 7

maturation

Answer 7

growth processes that enable changes

Question 8

cognition

Answer 8

mental activities

Question 9

schema

Answer 9

concept that organizes/interprets information

Ex: This child has formed a schema called “COW” which he uses to think about animals of a certain shape and size.

Question 10

assimilation

Answer 10

interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schema

Question 11

accommodation

Answer 11

adapting current understandings to incorporate new information

Question 12

sensorimotor stage

Answer 12

piaget theory, birth-2, infants know world through sensory activities
- object permanence, stranger anxiety

Question 13

object permanence

Answer 13

awareness things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 14

preoperational stage

Answer 14

child learns language, can’t comprehend logical mental operations, 2-6/7 years
-egocentrism, pretend play

Question 15

conservation

Answer 15

properties such as volume and mass remain the same despite object change

Question 16

egocentrisim

Answer 16

preoperational child has difficulty taking another person’s point of view

Question 17

theory of mind

Answer 17

peoples ideas about own and other’s mental states

Question 18

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 18

deficiencies in social interaction, fixations

Question 19

concrete operational stage

Answer 19

6/7-11 years, children can think logically

Question 20

formal operational stage

Answer 20

12 years, children can think abstract

Question 21

stranger anxiety

Answer 21

infants display fear of strangers

Question 22

attachment

Answer 22

emotional tie

Question 23

critical period

Answer 23

exposure to certain experiences produces normal development

Question 24

imprinting

Answer 24

animals form strong attachments during early life critical period

Question 25

temperament

Answer 25

persons characteristic emotional reactivity/intensity

Question 26

basic trust

Answer 26

world is predictable and trustworthy

Question 27

self concept

Answer 27

thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Question 28

gender

Answer 28

socially constructed roles/characteristics define male/female

Question 29

aggression

Answer 29

behavior intended to hurt

Question 30

gender role

Answer 30

set of expected behavior for male/female

Question 31

role

Answer 31

set of expectation about social position

Question 32

gender identity

Answer 32

our sense of being male and female

Question 33

social learning theory

Answer 33

learn social behavior by observing, imitation, and rewards and punishments

Question 34

gender typing

Answer 34

acquisition of traditional masculine and feminine roles

Question 35

transgender

Answer 35

gender identity differs from birth sex

Question 36

adolescence

Answer 36

transition from childhood to adult

Question 37

identity

Answer 37

our sense of self

Question 38

social identity

Answer 38

self concept developed through social settings

Question 39

intimacy

Answer 39

ability to form close relationships

Question 40

emerging adulthood

Answer 40

period between adolescent dependence to independent adult

Question 41

X chromosome

Answer 41

sex chromosome in both men and women

Question 42

Y chromosome

Answer 42

sex chromosome in men

Question 43

testosterone

Answer 43

male sex hormone, stimulates growth

Question 44

puberty

Answer 44

period of sexual maturation

Question 45

primary sex characteristics

Answer 45

body structures that make reproduction possible

Question 46

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 46

nonreproductive sexual traits

Question 47

menarche

Answer 47

first menstrual period

Question 48

AIDs

Answer 48

STI, depletes immune system

Question 49

sexual orientation

Answer 49

sexual attraction toward different sexes

Question 50

menopause

Answer 50

time of natural cessation of menustration

Question 51

cross sectional study

Answer 51

study in which people of different ages are compared

Question 52

longitudinal study

Answer 52

study of someone over long period of time

Question 53

social clock

Answer 53

preferred timing of social events (marriage, etc)

Question 54

Jean Piaget

Answer 54

influential observer of children; theory of cognitive development

Question 55

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 55

sociocultural theory/influence of child development

Question 56

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 56

dealt with nature of instinctive behavioral acts

Question 57

Harry Harlow

Answer 57

maternal separation, dependency needs, social isolation, importance of caregiving

Question 58

Margaret Harlow

Answer 58

importance of parental care in infant development

Question 59

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 59

attachment theory

Question 60

Albert Bandura

Answer 60

social learning theory

Question 61

Erik Erikson

Answer 61

expanded Freud stages, stages of life

Question 62

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 62

moral reasoning