Unit 9 Development

Question 1

Tell me about chromosomes

Answer 1

Born with 23 pairs (46 total)
23rd pair= sex
Y= boy
X= girl

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

strand of chain on each chromosome

Question 3

M/F sex hormones

Answer 3

Estrogen- female

Testosterone- male

Question 4

Androgyny

Answer 4

M/F combo, masculine and feminine characteristics

Question 5

Gender identity

Answer 5

Perceived understanding of whether identified as male or female

Question 6

Social learning with example

Answer 6

Observe and follow what it means to be male and female

Ex: baby gender reveal (blue vs pink), barbies

Question 7

Gender schema

Answer 7

Created by culture, passed down

Ex: what’s okay for M/F (boys don’t cry)

Question 8

Teratogens

Answer 8

Toxins enter the body/are ingested that affects fetus

Question 9

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 9

Drinking while pregnant

Question 10

Imprinting

Answer 10

Konrad Lorenz- infant animals follow what is familiar to them

Question 11

Critical period of language hypothesis

Answer 11

From age 5-> puberty is period to learn language

- If not then plasticity of that area lost (crystallizes/hard to modify)

Question 12

Habituation

Answer 12

Decreased response to repeated stimuli (ex: newborn seeing lights)

Question 13

Plasticity

Answer 13

Brains ability to adapt to new environmental conditions

Question 14

Attachment studies

Answer 14

Harry Harlow- monkeys

Attachment to comfort or nourishment?

Question 15

Schema

Answer 15

Concept of organizing ideas

- pre-learned, organized items we know (ex: animals and noises)

Question 16

Assimilation

Answer 16

Place unknown item into already retained schema

Question 17

Accommodate

Answer 17

Alter/expand schema (ex: types of dogs)

Question 18

Piaget’s Cognitive development stages

Answer 18

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal operational

Question 19

Sensorimotor

Answer 19

(0-18mon) stranger anxiety and object permanence

Question 20

Object permanence

Answer 20

Lack of understanding of things being permanent

Question 21

Preoperational

Answer 21

Form organized thought

-pretend play, egocentrism

Question 22

Egocentrism

Answer 22

Can only see from ones viewpoint

Question 23

Concrete operational

Answer 23

Organization (ex: by color), conservation

Question 24

Conservation

Answer 24

Principles of item can change but not volume or amount (ex: same juice, different glass)

Question 25

Formal operational

Answer 25

Think of more than what's in front of you | - abstract thought, complex math functions

Question 26

Baumrind

Answer 26

Theory on parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglectful)

Question 27

Authoritative

Answer 27

Ideal, responsive, caring

Question 28

Authoritarian

Answer 28

Unresponsive, demanding

Question 29

Permissive

Answer 29

Responsive, undemanding

Question 30

Neglectful

Answer 30

Unresponsive, undemanding

Question 31

Kohlberg

Answer 31

Moral ladder | - pre conventional, conventional, post conventional

Question 32

Pre conventional (2 stages)

Answer 32

Punishment and obedience | Pleasure-seeking

Question 33

Conventional (2 stages)

Answer 33

Approval-seeking | Law and order

Question 34

Post conventional

Answer 34

Social contract | Universal moral principle

Question 35

Carol Gilligan

Answer 35

Student of Kohlberg Created moral development for women - ethics of caring

Question 36

List Erikson's 8 stages of social development

Answer 36

``` Trust v mistrust Autonomy v doubt Initiative v guilt Competence v inferiority Identity v role confusion Intimacy v isolation Generativity v stagnation Integrity v despair ```

Question 37

Cross sectional study

Answer 37

Different people from different ages studied in the same manner

Question 38

Longitudinally

Answer 38

Study the same people through their developmental stages (lifelong)

Question 39

Fluid intelligence

Answer 39

Ability to reason fast (decreases with age)

Question 40

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 40

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Question 41

Menarche

Answer 41

Girls first menstrual cycle

Question 42

Menopause

Answer 42

Woman's last cycle, no longer able to reproduce

Question 43

Kübler Ross

Answer 43

``` Death/dying theory (stages of grief) Denial Anger Bargaining Sadness Acceptance ```

Question 44

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 44

the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

Question 45

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 45

nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

Question 46

Theory of mind

Answer 46

people's idea about their own and others' mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts

Question 47

Noam Chomsky

Answer 47

Language acquisition device | - all born with innate ability to learn language from parents

Question 48

Rooting reflex

Answer 48

Make sucking motion with mouth when cheeks touch bare skin (breast feeding instinct)

Question 49

Temperament

Answer 49

person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 50

Zygote

Answer 50

fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Question 51

Embryo

Answer 51

developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Question 52

Fetus

Answer 52

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth