Unit 9: Renal and Urologic Systems GAME

Question 1

What substance causes the collecting ducts to increase permeability and reabsorb water?

Answer 1

Anti-diuretic hormone

Question 2

If ONLY the BUN is elevated, and the creatinine is normal, what condition should the nurse expect?

Answer 2

Dehydration

Question 3

What does the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) mean?

Answer 3

The GFR provides the best estimate of kidney function or damage

Question 4

Why do clients with end-stage renal disease develop anemia?

Answer 4

The diseased kidney cannot make erythropoietin, which is necessary for the production of red blood cells. Fewer RBC = anemia.

Question 5

What normal physiology is responsible for keeping protein from spilling out into the urine?

Answer 5

The negative membrane charge repels plasma proteins to prevent excretion into urine.

Question 6

Which hormone controls the final specific gravity (concentration) of the urine?

Answer 6

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 7

A client has an urinary tract infection. Then, white blood cells infiltrate the medulla and cause inflammation, edema, and purulent urine. What condition is this?

Answer 7

Pyelonephritis

Question 8

A client is diagnosed with stage 5 kidney disease. What should the nurse expect the GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) to be?

Answer 8

less than 15

Question 9

In which condition will the client lose more than 3.5 grams of protein a day in the urine, have serum albumin levels drop, increase serum cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides, but NOT show any evidence of blood in the urine?

Answer 9

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 10

What is an example of a post-renal factor that causes renal dysfunction?

Answer 10

Neuromuscular dysfunction

Question 11

When a patient has hypotension, what is the first step of the neural regulation of the kidneys that will help to increase the blood volume?

Answer 11

Baroreceptors in the aortic arch sense low blood pressure and stimulate increased renal sympathetic nerve activity

Question 12

Why does drinking cranberry juice help PREVENT urinary tract infections but will not do anything to treat them?

Answer 12

Cranberry juice increases the acidity of the urine which keeps bacteria from forming, but once they are there the pH will not help get rid of them.

Question 13

At what level is a client considered to have oliguria?

Answer 13

less than 30 mL of urine output in one hour OR less than 375 mL in a 24 hour period.

Question 14

What is the function of the nephron?

Answer 14

Formation of urine

Question 15

How full does the bladder need to be before someone will feel the urge to urinate?

Answer 15

250-350 mL

Question 16

The kidneys receive around 20-25% of the cardiac output. What will happen to the kidneys when the cardiac output is drastically reduced to the point that the ejection fraction is less than 40%?

Answer 16

Severe symptoms, fluid backs up into the lungs, and the kidneys will begin to fail.

Question 17

This type of stone is related to high levels of uric acid or purines, is associated with Gout, and develops in an acidic urine pH environment.

Answer 17

Uric acid stones

Question 18

True or False: Patients with Diabetes Mellitus are at an increased risk of developing renal calculi (kidney stones)

Answer 18

True

Question 19

This type of stone forms in clients with a high dairy diet who also have an alkaline urine pH.

Answer 19

Calcium phosphate stones

Question 20

How do kidney stones form?

Answer 20

Supersaturation of crystals

Question 21

Which condition will increase the risk of renal calculi (kidney stone) formation in a client who is predisposed to them?

Answer 21

Dehydration

Question 22

In what condition does the kidney fail to develop in utero, resulting in a lack of amniotic fluid that causes the child to be born with wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low -set ears, and a receding chin. This children usually die within a few hours of birth.

Answer 22

Potter Syndrome

Question 23

What is the underlying pathophysiology of Polycystsic Renal disease?

Answer 23

Defective epithelial cell formation and cilia causes cysts to form throughout the nephron, which alters the kidney’s function

Question 24

This condition involves a rare kidney cancer that affects children, usually under age 5. The tumor forms an abdominal mass that is typically noticed by the parents when the child takes a bath.

Answer 24

Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumor)

Question 25

What is Extrophy of the bladder?

Answer 25

a congenital anomaly where the bladder herniates through the abdominal wall

Question 26

What is Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis? (APGN)?

Answer 26

An immune complex mediated disease that follows respiratory infectin or impetigo, and results circulatory overload, dyspnea, and renal insufficiency which causes hematuria, edema and oliguria.

Question 27

Newborns have shorter Loops of Henle than adults. Will this make their urine more or less concentrated than an adults?

Answer 27

Less