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Bio - 30 > Unit B - Reproduction (Female system) > Flashcards

Unit B - Reproduction (Female system) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the menarche?

A

The first period

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2
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

Carries egg cells (ova) which mature in the ovaries.

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3
Q

What is the function of the Fallopian Tube?

A

Pathway for the movement of the ovum to the uterus.

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4
Q

How does the ovum move in the fallopian tube?

A

through cilia in the tube.

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5
Q

What is the function of the fimbria?

A

Fishes for the egg expelled from the ovary.

Think sea anemonie

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6
Q

Where is the ovum usually fertilized?

A

In the Fallopian Tube.

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7
Q

What happens if the egg is not fertilized in the fallopian Tube?

A

It deteriorates (in 48 hours)

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8
Q

What is the function of the Uterus?

A

Site of embryo development

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9
Q

What are the 2 major tissues in the Uterus? What are their functions?

A
  1. Myometrium
  2. Endometrium
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10
Q

What is the Myometrium and what is its function?

A

The muscular outer layer of the uterus

Provides support for the embryo & causes contractions

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11
Q

What is the Endometrium and what is its function?

A

The inner lining of the uterus.

Provides nourishment for the embryo & Sheads if no pregnancy

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12
Q

What is the cervix and what is its function?

A

The muscular band that separates the vagina from the uterus.

Holds the fetus in place & dilates in pregnancy

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13
Q

What is the function of the Vagina? Ph?

A

Sexual intercourse as well as being acidic to create a hostile environment for microbes.

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14
Q

Do females make eggs after puberty?

A

No

They will have 400 000 follicles for the rest of their lifetime.

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15
Q

In a menstrual cycle, how many eggs will be stimulated?

How many will mature?

A

100 follicles will be stimulated, but only one will mature.

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16
Q

What are the two cells a follicle is composed of?

A
  • Oocyte → undergoes meiosis to become a mature oocyte (ovum)
  • Granulosa cells → provide nutrients for oocyte

Like spermatocytes → spermatogonium, and sertoli cells

17
Q

What are the 4 steps of the Ovarian Cycle?

A
  1. Follicle matures
  2. At Ovulation, the follicle ruptures and the oocyte is released
  3. The remaining follicular cells develop into a corpus luteum
  4. If pregnancy does not occur the corpus luteum degenerates after 10 days
18
Q

how long is the average menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

19
Q

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle (in order)?

A
  1. Flow phase
  2. Follicular phase
  3. Ovulation
  4. Luteal phase
20
Q

What does the flow phase do in the menstrual cycle? How is it initiated? How long does it last?

A

Shedding of the endometrium. Initiated by a decrease in progesterone and estrogen causes it.

Lasts 5 days

21
Q

What does the Follicular phase do in the menstrual cycle? How is it initiated? How long does it last?

A

The development of follicles within the ovary causing an increase in
mostly estrogen and some progesterone. Initiated by FSH hormone.

Lasts 13 days

22
Q

What does the Ovulation phase do in the menstrual cycle? How is it initiated? How long does it last?

A

Oocyte bursts from the ovary. Initiated by a spike in LH (and a little spike in FSH). The remaining follicular cells from the mature ovum began to form the corpus luteum.

Lasts a day

23
Q

What does the Luteal phase do in the menstrual cycle? How is it initiated? How long does it last?

A

The Corpus Luteum in the Ovary releases mostly progesterone and some estrogen. Initiated by the releasing of the egg.

lasts 13 days

24
Q

What is the importance of progesterone?

A

Stimulates and maintains the endometrium → prepares for the possible embedding of the embryo by inhibiting uterine contraction and ovulation.

Contractions help the sheading process

25
Q

What happens to progesterone if someone is or isn’t pregnant?

A

Pregnant - Progesterone levels are maintained

Not Pregnant - Corpus luteum disintegrates and ↓ progesterone & estrogen, uterine contractions ↑ cause the endometrium to pull away from the wall, and return to the flow phase.

26
Q

What is the key hormone in women for developing secondary sex characteristics at puberty?

A

Estrogen

27
Q

Lable the ovarian cycle hormone feedback loop of a female.

A

Did you do it?

28
Q

What does GnRH do in the female reproductive system?

A

Stimulates release of FSH and LH

29
Q

What does FSH do in the female reproductive system?

A

Stimulates maturation of 100 follicles per cycle. Stimulates the release of estrogen from maturing follicles.

30
Q

What does LH do in the female reproductive system?

A

Stimulates ovulation resulting in the corpus luteum. Stimulates corpus luteum to produce mostly progesterone and some estrogen.

31
Q

What does estrogen do in the female reproductive system? What’s its feedback loop?

A

Stimulates thickening of endometrium. Exerts positive feedback on LH.

Bio - 30 (15 decks)

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