Unit Five

Question 1

Electrons that can be gained, lost, or shared in a chemical reaction

Answer 1

Valence electrons

Question 2

The large molecules that make up living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleus acids

Answer 2

Macromolecules/macronutrients

Question 3

A small molecule that may be chemically bounded to other like molecules to form a polymer

Answer 3

Monomer

Question 4

Long chain (small, repeating molecules)

Answer 4

Polymer

Question 5

Chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer

Answer 5

Polymerization

Question 6

Chemical compound that contain carbon and that make up living organisms

Answer 6

Organic compounds

Question 7

An organic molecule made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in; used as a source of energy and give structure to some types of cells

Answer 7

Carbohydrate

Question 8

A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy

Answer 8

Starch

Question 9

A polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give structural support

Answer 9

Cellulose

Question 10

A polysaccharide made by animal cells to store energy short term

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

Organic molecules mad rip of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates they will not dissolve in water

Answer 11

Lipids

Question 12

A type of lipid used to store energy and as a source of fatty acids

Answer 12

Fat

Question 13

A fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogen a attached to each carbon

Answer 13

Saturated fats (bad for you; unhealthy)

Question 14

A fat that has on double carbon-to-carbon bond

Answer 14

Monounsaturated fat

Question 15

An organic molecule made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in; used as a source of energy and give structure to some types of cells

Answer 15

Carbohydrate

Question 16

Simple sugar

Answer 16

Monosaccharide

Question 17

A polymer of sugar, meaning a long chain of sugar molecules chemically linked together

Answer 17

Polysaccharide

Question 18

A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy

Answer 18

Starch

Question 19

A polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give structural support

Answer 19

Cellulose

Question 20

A polysaccharide made by animal cells to store energy short term

Answer 20

Glycogen

Question 21

Organic molecules mad rip of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates they will not dissolve in water

Answer 21

Lipids

Question 22

A type of lipid used to store energy and as a source of fatty acids

Answer 22

Fat

Question 23

A fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogen a attached to each carbon

Answer 23

Saturated fats (bad for you; unhealthy)

Question 24

A fat that has on double carbon-to-carbon bond

Answer 24

Monounsaturated fat

Question 25

Fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body but must be eaten; omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids for humans

Answer 25

Essential fatty acids

Question 25

A type of lipid that helps to make up cell membranes

Answer 25

Phospholipid

Question 26

A type of lipid that can be present in cell membranes or can make up certain hormones

Answer 26

Steroids

Question 27

A type of steroid used in cell membranes and also used to make steroid hormones

Answer 27

Cholesterol

Question 28

A type of lipid that is used to waterproof leaves skin feathers ect

Answer 28

Wax

Question 29

An organic molecule with many important functions; the main structural component of muscle, skin, bone, etc.

Answer 29

Protein

Question 30

Organic molecules are building blocks of proteins

Answer 30

Amino acids

Question 31

An element found in amino acids and proteins but is not found in carbohydrates or fats

Answer 31

Nitrogen

Question 32

The covalent bond between amino acids in a protein

Answer 32

Peptide bond

Question 33

An organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus and makes up RNA and DNA

Answer 33

Nucleic acid

Question 34

A molecule that contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base and that links together to form RNA and DNA

Answer 34

Nucleotide

Question 35

I nucleic acid. Molecule in the shape of a double helix that contains deoxyribose sugar that stores genetic information

Answer 35

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 36

The shape, similar to a twisted ladder, of a DNA molecule

Answer 36

Double helix

Question 37

A biological catalyst that enables chemical reactions to take place in the body

Answer 37

Enzyme

Question 38

A substance that is changed by an enzyme

Answer 38

Substrate

Question 39

The part of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate

Answer 39

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